Selection indexes and economic weights applied to runner-peanut breeding /Indices de selecao e pesos economicos aplicados ao melhoramento do amendoim rasteiro

• Published in: Revista brasileira de engenharia agrícola e ambiental 2022-05, Vol.26 (5), p.327
• Main Authors: Ramos, Jean P.C, Cavalcanti, Jose J.V, Freire, Rosa M.M, Silva, Carliane R.C. da, Silva, Maria de F.C. da, Santos, Roseane C. dos
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 1415-4366
• DOI: 10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n5p327-334

Runner peanuts are known for their high pod yields, but are late to flowering and pod maturation, and the optimal combination of these traits with pod yield is widely desired for peanut improvement. Selection indexes are useful tools for crop breeding. In this study, seven selection indexes combined with economic weights were used in a peanut population to estimate the superior and balanced genetic gains. Eleven runner genotypes were grown in three environments in the Northeast region of Brazil under a randomized block design with five replicates. The following indices were used: Smith and Hazel, Pesek and Baker, Williams, Elston, Subandi, Cruz, and Mulamba & Mock, in combination with the following economic weights: weight 1 for all evaluated traits, primary and secondary traits, genetic variation coefficient, genetic standard deviation, and b coefficient, obtained via multivariate regression. Although the population is genetically uniform, statistical differences were found, indicating sufficient genetic variability to generate selection progress. The combinations involving earliness traits were not satisfactory for production gains. The index based on the Mulamba & Mock rankings combined with weight 1 for all traits proved the optimal combination, as indicated by the most balanced gains. The cultivars Florunner, Cavalo, LGoPE-06, and LViPE-06 are promising germplasm for ensuring satisfactory selection gains based on production means and high heritability of the most evaluated traits. Key words: Arachis hypogaea L., genetic gain, selection methods O amendoim rasteiro e conhecido pela alta produtividade, porem as plantas sao tardias para forar e maturar as vagens. A combinacao desses caracteres e producao de vagens e largamente almejada no melhoramento dessa oleaginosa. Indices de selecao sao ferramentas uteis para auxiliar no melhoramento da cultura. Neste trabalho foram usados sete indices de selecao combinados com pesos economicos, com objetivo de estimar ganhos geneticos superiores e equilibrados em uma populacao de amendoim runner. Onze genotipos foram cultivados em tres ambientes na regiao Nordeste sob o delineamento de blocos ao acaso com cinco repeticoes. Foram utilizados os seguintes indices: Smith e Hazel (SH), Pesek e Baker (PB), Williams (W), Elston (E), Subandi (S), indice de Cruz (GI) e Mulamba e Mock (MM), que foram combinados com os pesos economicos: W1- peso 1 para todas as caracteristicas avaliadas; PT - tracos primarios e secundarios; CG