Glycogen synthase kinase-3 , uma enzima magica: seu papel no diabetes mellitus e na homeostase da glicose: interacoes com fluoroquinolonas. Uma mini-revisao

• Published in: Brazilian journal of biology 2023-01, Vol.83
• Main Authors: Ullah, A, Ali, N, Ahmad, S, Rahman, S.U, Alghamdi, S, Bannunah, A.M, Ali, R, Aman, A, Khan, J, Hussain, H, Sahibzada, M.U.K
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 1519-6984
• DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.250179

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease throughout the world in which there is persistently high blood glucose level from the normal range. The diabetes and insulin resistance are mainly responsible for the morbidities and mortalities of humans in the world. This disease is mainly regulated by various enzymes and hormones among which Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a principle enzyme and insulin is the key hormone regulating it. The GSK-3, that is the key enzyme is normally showing its actions by various mechanisms that include its phosphorylation, formation of protein complexes, and other cellular distribution and thus it control and directly affects cellular morphology, its growth, mobility and apoptosis of the cell. Disturbances in the action of GSK-3 enzyme may leads to various disease conditions that include insulin resistance leading to diabetes, neurological disease like Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Fluoroquinolones are the most common class of drugs that shows dysglycemic effects via interacting with GSK-3 enzyme. Therefore, it is the need of the day to properly understand functions and mechanisms of GSK-3, especially its role in glucose homeostasis via effects on glycogen synthase. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3), Glucose homeostasis, Fluoroquinolones. O diabetes mellitus (DM) e uma doenca nao transmissivel em todo o mundo, na qual existe nivel glicemico persistentemente alto em relacao a normalidade. O diabetes e a resistencia a insulina sao os principais responsaveis pelas morbidades e mortalidades de humanos no mundo. Essa doenca e regulada principalmente por varias enzimas e hormonios, entre os quais a glicogenio sintase quinase-3 (GSK-3) e uma enzima principal e a insulina e o principal hormonio que a regula. A GSK-3, que e a enzima-chave, normalmente mostra suas acoes por varios mecanismos que incluem sua fosforilacao, formacao de complexos de proteinas e outras distribuicoes celulares e, portanto, controla e afeta diretamente a morfologia celular, seu crescimento, mobilidade e apoptose do celula. Perturbacoes na acao da enzima GSK-3 podem levar a varias condicoes de doenca que incluem resistencia a insulina que leva ao diabetes, doencas neurologicas como a doenca de Alzheimer e cancer. As fluoroquinolonas sao a classe mais comum de drogas que apresentam efeitos disglicemicos por meio da interacao com a enzima GSK-3. Portanto, e necessario hoje em dia compreender adequadamente as funcoes