ITrichoderma asperellum/I Extract Isolated from Brazil Nuts : In Vivo and In Silico Studies on Melanogenesis in Zebrafish

Endophytic fungi are those that present part of their life cycle in healthy tissues of different plant hosts in symbiosis without causing harm. At the same time, fungus-plant symbiosis makes it possible for microorganisms to synthesize their own bioactive secondary metabolites while in the stationar...

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Published in:Microorganisms (Basel) 2023-04, Vol.11 (4)
Main Authors: Ferreira, Adriana Maciel, da Silva Sena, Iracirema, Cu, de Souza, Agerdânio Andrade, dos Santos Lima, Paulo Cesar, Rodrigues, Alex Bruno Lobato, da Silva Ramos, Ryan, de Souza Pinheiro, Wandson Braamcamp, Ferreira, Irlon Maciel, Carvalho, José Carlos Tavares
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ascomycota
Biosynthesis
Brazil nut
Chemical properties
Composition
Endophytes
Environmental aspects
Fungi
Health aspects
Identification and classification
Melanin
Metabolites
Microbiological research
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Summary:Endophytic fungi are those that present part of their life cycle in healthy tissues of different plant hosts in symbiosis without causing harm. At the same time, fungus-plant symbiosis makes it possible for microorganisms to synthesize their own bioactive secondary metabolites while in the stationary stage. To accomplish this, the endophytic fungus Trichoderma asperellum was isolated from Bertholletia excelsa (Brazil nut) almonds. The fungus was cultivated and extracted with ethyl acetate, obtaining AM07Ac. Then, using HPTLC (High-performance thin-layer chromatography) and nuclear magnetic resonance ([sup.1] H NMR), β-amyrin, kaempferol, and brucine were identified as major compounds. Further in vivo assays in zebrafish demonstrated the activity of AM07Ac on melanogenesis by producing a concentration–response inhibitory effect, which, through an in silico study, proved to be related to the noted major compounds known to inhibit tyrosinase activity. The inhibition of tyrosinase prevents melanin accumulation in skin. Therefore, these results imply the importance of investigating microorganisms and their pharmacological activities, in particular the endophytic fungus Trichoderma asperellum as a generator of active metabolites for melanogenesis modulation.
ISSN:2076-2607
2076-2607
DOI:10.3390/microorganisms11041089