Physically Crosslinked Chondroitin Sulfate Particles for Versatile Applications and Their Biosafety

Chondroitin sulfate (CS), a well-known glycosaminoglycan, was physically crosslinked with Fe(III), Gd(III), Zn(II), and Cu(II) ions to obtain CS-Fe(III), CS-Gd(III), CS-Zn(II), and CS-Cu(II) polymeric particles for multipurpose biological applications. The CS–metal ion-containing particles in the mi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2023-03, Vol.16 (4)
Main Authors: Suner, Selin S, Sahiner, Mehtap, Umut, Evrim, Ayyala, Ramesh S, Sahiner, Nurettin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomedical materials
Biosafety
Chemical engineering
Chemical engineering research
Chemical properties
Glycosaminoglycans
Health aspects
Metal ions
Nanoparticles
Transition metals
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Summary:Chondroitin sulfate (CS), a well-known glycosaminoglycan, was physically crosslinked with Fe(III), Gd(III), Zn(II), and Cu(II) ions to obtain CS-Fe(III), CS-Gd(III), CS-Zn(II), and CS-Cu(II) polymeric particles for multipurpose biological applications. The CS–metal ion-containing particles in the micrometer to a few hundred nanometer size range are injectable materials for intravenous administration. The CS–metal ion-containing particles are safe biomaterials for biological applications because of their perfect blood compatibility and no significant cytotoxicity on L929 fibroblast cells up to a 10 mg/mL concentration. Furthermore, CS-Zn(II) and CS-Cu(II) particles show excellent antibacterial susceptibility, with 2.5–5.0 mg/mL minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, the in vitro contrast enhancement abilities of aqueous CS–metal ion particle suspensions in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were determined by obtaining T[sub.1] - and T[sub.2] -weighted MR images using a 0.5 Tesla MRI scanner and by calculating the water proton relaxivities. Therefore, these CS-Fe(III), CS-Gd(III), CS-Zn(II), and CS-Cu(II) particles have significant potential as antibacterial additive materials and MRI contrast enhancement agents with less toxicity.
ISSN:1424-8247
1424-8247
DOI:10.3390/ph16040483