Innate Immune Response of ITmToll-3/I Following Systemic Microbial Infection in ITenebrio molitor/I

Although Toll-like receptors have been widely identified and functionally characterized in mammalian models and Drosophila, the immunological function of these receptors in other insects remains unclear. Here, we explored the relevant innate immune response of Tenebrio molitor (T. molitor) Toll-3 ag...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2023-04, Vol.24 (7)
Main Authors: Ali Mohammadie Kojour, Maryam, Jang, Ho Am, Lee, Yong Seok, Jo, Yong Hun, Han, Yeon Soo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Bacteria
DNA binding proteins
Drosophila
Escherichia coli
Genetic transcription
Health aspects
Immune response
Infection
Lee, Y.S
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
RNA
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Summary:Although Toll-like receptors have been widely identified and functionally characterized in mammalian models and Drosophila, the immunological function of these receptors in other insects remains unclear. Here, we explored the relevant innate immune response of Tenebrio molitor (T. molitor) Toll-3 against Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and fungal infections. Our findings indicated that TmToll-3 expression was mainly induced by Candida albicans infections in the fat bodies, gut, Malpighian tubules, and hemolymph of young T. molitor larvae. Surprisingly, Escherichia coli systemic infection caused mortality after TmToll-3 knockdown via RNA interference (RNAi) injection, which was not observed in the control group. Further analyses indicated that in the absence of TmToll-3, the final effector of the Toll signaling pathway, antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes and relevant transcription factors were significantly downregulated after E. coli challenge. Our results indicated that the expression of almost all AMP genes was suppressed in silenced individuals, whereas the expression of relevant genes was positively regulated after fungal injection. Therefore, this study revealed the immunological involvement of TmToll-3 in T. molitor in response to systematic infections.
ISSN:1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms24076751