Agronomic response of cowpea cultivars [Vigna unguiculata Walp.] en San Juan y Martinez, Cuba

• Published in: Cultivos tropicales 2023-01, Vol.44 (1), p.1
• Main Authors: Santana-Banos, Yoerlandy, Carrodeguas-Diaz, Sergio, Sosa-Pena, Laureano Luis, Rodriguez-Espinosa, Frank Leidis, Lopetegui-Moreno, Carlos Manuel, Diaz-Barrio, Maykel
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0258-5936

Cowpea bean [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is an important grain legume with agronomic and productive potential under edaphoclimatic conditions in Cuba, but little known and studied in agroecosystems of Pinar del Rio. In "San Juan y Martinez" municipality, four cowpea cultivars were established ('INIFAT 93', 'INIFAT 94', 'IPA 206' and 'TITAN') with the aim of evaluating their growth and yield. The sowing was carried out in spring (04/02/2019), at a frame of 0.60 x 0.15-0.20 m, in a leached Yellowish Ferrallitic soil dedicated to the cultivation of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). A randomized block experimental design with four treatments (cultivars) and four replicates was used. Higher biological productivity and agricultural yield were obtained in the cultivars 'TITAN' and 'INIFAT 94', which exceeded more than 32 % the production of 'INIFAT 93', although this reached a harvest index higher than 50 % and all expressed indices of vain pods less than 30 %. The increase in the number of pods with shorter length and greater mass of grains per pod enhanced crop yield. The results suggest the use of 'INIFAT 94' and 'TITAN' in the production of grains in tobacco agroecosystems of Pinar del Rio, but different spatial and temporal arrangements must be studied, the contribution of biomass to the soil, the incidence of pests, among other aspects with influence on the productivity and sustainability of the crop. Keywords: agroecosystem, biomass, grains, productivity. El frijol caupi [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] es una importante leguminosa de grano con potencialidades agronomicas y productivas en condiciones edafoclimaticas de Cuba, pero poco conocido y estudiado en agroecosistemas de Pinar del Rio. En la localidad "San Juan y Martinez", se establecieron cuatro cultivares de frijol caupi ('INIFAT 93', 'INIFAT 94', 'IPA 206' y 'TITAN') con el objetivo de evaluar su crecimiento y rendimiento. La siembra se realizo en primavera (02/04/2019), a un marco de 0,60 x 0,15-0,20 m, en un suelo Ferralitico Amarillento Lixiviado dedicado al cultivo del tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Se empleo un diseno experimental de bloques al azar con cuatro tratamientos (cultivares) y cuatro replicas. Se obtuvo mayor productividad biologica y rendimiento agricola en los cultivares 'TITAN' e 'INIFAT 94', los que excedieron mas de 32 % la produccion del cultivar 'INIFAT 93', aunque este alcanzo un indice de cosecha superior a 50 % y todos expresaron indices de vainas vanas inferiores a 30 %.