Anti-Inflammatory Activity of 1,6,7-Trihydroxy-2--3-methoxyxanthone Isolated from ICudrania tricuspidata/I via NF-κB, MAPK, and HO-1 Signaling Pathways in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 and BV2 Cells

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2023-10, Vol.28 (21)
• Main Authors: Ko, Wonmin, Baek, Jong-Suep, Liu, Zhiming, Dong, Linsha, Kim, Nayeon, Lee, Hwan, Yoon, Chi-Su, Kim, Na Young, Kim, Sam Cheol, Lee, Dong-Sung
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anti-inflammatory drugs; Heme; Inflammation; Nitric oxide; Prostaglandins; Protein kinases; Tumor necrosis factor
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217299

Neuroinflammation activated by microglia affects inflammatory pain development. This study aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory properties and mechanisms of 1,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-3-methoxyxanthone (THMX) from Cudrania tricuspidata in microglia activation-mediated inflammatory pain. In RAW 264.7 and BV2 cells, THMX has been shown to reduce lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, including nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin (PG) E2, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). THMX also decreased LPS-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the activation of p65 nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Interestingly, THMX also activated heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression. These findings suggest that THMX is a promising biologically active compound against inflammation through preventing MAPKs and NF-ĸB and activating HO-1 signaling pathways.