A comprehensive tool in recycling plant-waste ofGossypium barbadense L agricultural and industrial waste extracts containing gossypin and gossypol: hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects

• Published in: Plant methods 2024-04, Vol.20 (1)
• Main Authors: Mohammed, Mona A, Amer, Nagat M, Abdallah, Heba M. I, Saleh, Mai S
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Chemical properties; Materia medica, Vegetable; Plant extracts
• ISSN: 1746-4811; 1746-4811
• DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01181-8

Improper management of agricultural and industrial cotton wastes causes environmental pollution and worsens the climate change challenge. Green recycling of cotton could contribute to a circular economy. One of the economic values of cotton wastes lies in their bioactive components. Two types of cotton wastes--agricultural and industrial--of the species Gossypium barbadense L. Giza 95 were targeted in the current study, aiming to maximize their medicinal value and investigate the anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antioxidant activities of their phytochemical extracts. Phytochemical extraction was performed using different solvents extraction. An anti-inflammatory effect was tested in carrageenan-induced acute edema in a rat paw model. A carbon tetrachloride chronic model of liver injury was used for the assessment of hepatoprotective potential. Liver enzymes (AST and ALT), oxidative stress markers (MDA and GSH), inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein), and histopathological features were investigated. As a result, ethyl acetate proved to be the solvent of best choice to extract the gossypin polyphenolics, where the extracted amount reached 14,826.2 [micro]g/g, followed by butanol (8751.4 [micro]g/g extract). The chloroform (CHCL.sub.3) fraction showed the highest amounts of gossypol (190.7 [micro]g/g extract), followed by petroleum ether. Cotton waste's composition analysis showed a wide range of components, including 33 metabolites such as gossypetin, polyphenolics, and other metabolites that possess therapeutic effects. Both chloroform extract and industrial waste extracts showed superior anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects in comparison to other extracts. All tested extracts (ethyl acetate, chloroform, and industrial waste) showed proper antioxidant activities.