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Degradation of Organic Dye Congo Red by Heterogeneous Solar Photocatalysis with Bi[sub.2]S[sub.3], Bi[sub.2]S[sub.3]/TiO[sub.2], and Bi[sub.2]S[sub.3]/ZnO Thin Films
In this work, bismuth sulfide (Bi[sub.2]S[sub.3]) thin films were deposited by a chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique (called soft chemistry), while titanium dioxide (TiO[sub.2]) nanoparticles were synthesized by sol–gel and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were extracted from alkaline batteries....
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Published in: | Catalysts 2024-09, Vol.14 (9) |
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Main Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | In this work, bismuth sulfide (Bi[sub.2]S[sub.3]) thin films were deposited by a chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique (called soft chemistry), while titanium dioxide (TiO[sub.2]) nanoparticles were synthesized by sol–gel and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were extracted from alkaline batteries. The resulting nanoparticles were then deposited on the Bi[sub.2]S[sub.3] thin films by spin coating at 1000 rpm for 60 s each layer to create heterojunctions of Bi[sub.2]S[sub.3]/ZnO and Bi[sub.2]S[sub.3]/TiO[sub.2]. These materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The optical and contact angle analyses were undertaken by UV–Vis spectroscopy and a contact microscopy angle meter, respectively. The calculated band gap values were found to be between 1.9 eV and 2.45 eV. The Bi[sub.2]S[sub.3] presented an orthorhombic structure, the TiO[sub.2] nanoparticles presented an anatase structure, and the ZnO nanoparticles presented a wurtzite hexagonal crystal structure. Furthermore, heterogeneous solar photocatalysis was performed using the Bi[sub.2]S[sub.3], Bi[sub.2]S[sub.3]/ZnO, and Bi[sub.2]S[sub.3]/TiO[sub.2] thin film combinations, which resulted in the degradation of Congo red increasing from 8.89% to 30.80% after a 30 min exposure to sunlight. |
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ISSN: | 2073-4344 2073-4344 |
DOI: | 10.3390/catal14090589 |