Experimental study of granular surface flows via a fast camera: A continuous description

Depth averaged conservation equations are written for granular surface flows. Their application to the study of steady surface flows in a rotating drum allows to find experimentally the constitutive relations needed to close these equations from measurements of the velocity profile in the flowing la...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Physics of fluids (1994) 2002-05, Vol.14 (5), p.1666-1673
Main Authors: Bonamy, D., Daviaud, F., Laurent, L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Boundary layer flow
Granular materials
Mathematical models
Physics
Surfaces
Velocity measurement
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Summary:Depth averaged conservation equations are written for granular surface flows. Their application to the study of steady surface flows in a rotating drum allows to find experimentally the constitutive relations needed to close these equations from measurements of the velocity profile in the flowing layer at the center of the drum and from the flowing layer thickness and the static/flowing boundary profiles. The velocity varies linearly with depth, with a gradient independent of both the flowing layer thickness and the static/flowing boundary local slope. The first two closure relations relating the flow rate and the momentum flux to the flowing layer thickness and the slope are then deduced. Measurements of the profile of the flowing layer thickness and the static/flowing boundary in the whole drum explicitly give the last relation concerning the force acting on the flowing layer. Finally, these closure relations are compared to existing continuous models of surface flows.
ISSN:1070-6631
1089-7666
DOI:10.1063/1.1459720