Atmospheric dynamics and the mass loss process in red supergiant stars

Context.Red supergiant stars represent a key phase in the evolution of massive stars. Recent radiative hydrodynamic simulations suggest that their atmospheres may be the location of large-scale convective motions. Aims.As supergiant convection is expected to generate supersonic motions and shocks, w...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin) 2007-07, Vol.469 (2), p.671-680
Main Authors: Josselin, E., Plez, B.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Astronomy
Astrophysics
Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics
Earth, ocean, space
Exact sciences and technology
Physics
Sciences of the Universe
stars: atmospheres
stars: mass-loss
supergiants
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Summary:Context.Red supergiant stars represent a key phase in the evolution of massive stars. Recent radiative hydrodynamic simulations suggest that their atmospheres may be the location of large-scale convective motions. Aims.As supergiant convection is expected to generate supersonic motions and shocks, we seek constraints on these atmospheric motions and their possible relation with mass-loss rates. Methods.We present high-resolution, visible spectroscopy of a sample of red supergiants (spectral type M I) and analyse them with a tomographic technique. Results.We observe steep velocity gradients, characterising both upward and downward supersonic motions, which are time variable on time scales of a few hundred days. Conclusions.These convective motions will generate turbulent pressure, which will strongly decrease the effective gravity. We suggest that this decrease, combined with radiative pressure on molecular lines, initiate the mass loss in red supergiant stars.
ISSN:0004-6361
1432-0746
1432-0756
DOI:10.1051/0004-6361:20066353