Molecular phylogeny of parabasalids with emphasis on the order Cristamonadida and its complex morphological evolution

Parabasalia represents a complex assemblage of species, which recently received extensive reorganization. The newly created order Cristamonadida unites complex hypermastigids belonging to the Lophomonadida like the joeniids, the multinucleate polymonad Calonymphidae, and well-developed trichomonads...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 2009-07, Vol.52 (1), p.217-224
Main Authors: Noda, Satoko, Mantini, Cléa, Bordereau, Christian, Kitade, Osamu, Dolan, Michael F., Viscogliosi, Eric, Ohkuma, Moriya
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Calonymphidae
Cloning, Molecular
Cristamonadida
Devescovinidae
DNA, Protozoan - genetics
Evolution, Molecular
Genetic Speciation
Isoptera
Joeniidae
Parabasalia
Phylogeny
RNA, Ribosomal - genetics
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Symbiosis
Termite symbiont
Trichomonadida - classification
Trichomonadida - genetics
Trichomonadida - physiology
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Summary:Parabasalia represents a complex assemblage of species, which recently received extensive reorganization. The newly created order Cristamonadida unites complex hypermastigids belonging to the Lophomonadida like the joeniids, the multinucleate polymonad Calonymphidae, and well-developed trichomonads in the Devescovinidae. All these protists exclusively occur in the guts of termites and related insects. In this study, small subunit rRNA and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes were identified without cultivation from 14 species in Cristamonadida including previously unstudied genera such as Joenina, Joenia, Joenoides, Macrotrichomonas, Gigantomonas, and Foaina. Despite the great morphological diversity of Cristamonadida, our phylogenetic analyses supported the monophyly of this order. However, almost all the families and subfamilies composing this order are polyphyletic suggesting a complicated morphological evolution. Our analyses also showed that Cristamonadida descends from one lineage of rudimentary trichomonads and that joeniids was basal in this order. Several successive and independent morphological transitions such as the development and reduction of flagellar apparatus and associated cytoskeleton and transition to multinucleated status have likely led to the diversity and complexity of cristamonad lineages.
ISSN:1055-7903
1095-9513
DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.03.011