Detection and quantification of leptospires in urine of dogs: a maintenance host for the zoonotic disease leptospirosis

• Published in: European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 2010-10, Vol.29 (10), p.1305-1309
• Main Authors: Rojas, P, Monahan, A. M, Schuller, S, Miller, I. S, Markey, B. K, Nally, J. E
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Bacterial diseases; Bacterial Load - methods; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins - genetics; Bacterial Shedding; Biological and medical sciences; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Brief Report; DNA, Bacterial - genetics; Dog Diseases - diagnosis; Dog Diseases - microbiology; Dogs; Hospitals, Animal; Human bacterial diseases; Infectious diseases; Internal Medicine; Ireland; Leptospira; Leptospira - isolation & purification; Leptospirosis - diagnosis; Leptospirosis - microbiology; Leptospirosis - veterinary; Lipoproteins - genetics; Medical Microbiology; Medical sciences; Miscellaneous; Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods; Prevalence; Public health; Rats; Sensitivity and Specificity; Urine; Urine - microbiology; Water pollution; Zoonoses
• ISSN: 0934-9723; 1435-4373
• DOI: 10.1007/s10096-010-0991-2

Leptospirosis is a global zoonotic disease. Pathogenic Leptospira species, the causative agent of leptospirosis, colonize the renal tubules of chronically infected maintenance hosts such as dogs, rats and cattle. Maintenance hosts typically remain clinically asymptomatic and shed leptospires into the environment via urine. In contrast, accidental hosts such as humans can suffer severe acute forms of the disease. Infection results from direct contact with infected urine or indirectly, through contaminated water sources. In this study, a quantitative real-time PCR specific for lipL32 was designed to detect the urinary shedding of leptospires from dogs. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay was evaluated using both a panel of pathogenic Leptospira species and clinical microbial isolates, and samples of urine collected from experimentally infected rats and non-infected controls. The lower limit of detection was approximately 3 genome equivalents per reaction. The assay was applied to canine urine samples collected from local dog sanctuaries and the University Veterinary Hospital (UVH) at University College Dublin. Of 525 canine urine samples assayed, 37 were positive, indicating a prevalence of urinary shedding of leptospires of 7.05%. These results highlight the need to provide effective canine vaccination strategies and raise public health awareness.