Influence of pretreatment on supercritical CO2 extraction from Nannochloropsis oculata

• Published in: The Journal of supercritical fluids 2013-07, Vol.79, p.337-344
• Main Authors: Crampon, Christelle, Mouahid, Adil, Toudji, Sid-Ali Amine, Lépine, Olivier, Badens, Elisabeth
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Air flow; Biomass; Carbon dioxide; Chemical and Process Engineering; Drying; Engineering Sciences; Extraction; Lipid; Lipids; Microalgae; Moisture content; Pretreatment; Supercritical CO2
• ISSN: 0896-8446; 1872-8162
• DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2012.12.022

[Display omitted] ► We extracted oil using SC-CO2 from microalgae. ► We showed that for the extraction of neutral lipids SC-CO2 extraction is as efficient than a Bligh and Dyer extraction. ► We showed that drying under air flow and grinding are necessary to obtain high extraction kinetics. ► We performed extractions at pilot scale and could obtain high extraction yields under operating conditions easy to apply. This work demonstrates that supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is efficient for the complete recovery of neutral lipids from microalgae with a water content up to 20wt%, allowing thus a further full characterization of this oil. This is a first useful step in the framework of lipid production from microalgae either for nutraceutical, food or for energy applications. This study is particularly focused on the influence of the pretreatments upon extraction kinetics and yields. This study proposes a complete study at laboratory scale (10g per batch of dry biomass) of the influence of pretreatments (type of drying and grinding) and of water content on the extraction kinetics and yields as well as on the oil composition in terms of lipidic classes and profiles. Two drying pretreatments (drying under air flow and freeze-drying) applied on Nannochloropsis oculata were studied. Extraction experiments were carried out at 40MPa, 333K, with a carbon dioxide flow rate of 0.5kgh−1 and for different granulometries. Results showed that drying under air flow at 308K is the most adequate pretreatment leading to the most rapid kinetics. Whatever the pretreatment used, the extracted oil contains more than 90wt% of triglycerides and does not contain phospholipids. As expected, the smaller the particle size, the faster the extraction kinetics. Finally, an increase in the biomass water content up to 20wt% increases the global extraction kinetics (extraction of both water and oil) but appears to have no influence on oil extraction yields. Moreover, the extraction of neutral lipids happens to be complete for a CO2/charge mass ratio ranging from 30 to 130 depending on the operating conditions and on the characteristics of the treated biomass. Finally, pilot scale experiments were performed with batches up to 15kg in order to evaluate the influence of pressure and particle size on the extraction kinetics and yields. Extracts obtained at 333K with operating pressures of 50MPa and 85MPa have similar compositions and do not contain phospholipids.