Impact of anatase and rutile titanium dioxide nanoparticles on uptake carriers and efflux pumps in Caco-2 gut epithelial cells

TiO2 microparticles are widely used in food products, where they are added as a white food colouring agent. This food additive contains a significant amount of nanoscale particles; still the impact of TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) on gut cells is poorly documented. Our study aimed at evaluating the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nanoscale 2015-04, Vol.7 (16), p.7352-7360
Main Authors: Dorier, M, Brun, E, Veronesi, G, Barreau, F, Pernet-Gallay, K, Desvergne, C, Rabilloud, T, Carapito, C, Herlin-Boime, N, Carrière, M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anatase
Caco-2 Cells
Cell Survival - drug effects
Cellular Biology
Chemical Sciences
Efflux
Epithelial Cells - cytology
Epithelial Cells - drug effects
Epithelial Cells - metabolism
Foods
Glucose Transporter Type 1 - metabolism
Glucose Transporter Type 4 - metabolism
Humans
Intestines - cytology
Life Sciences
Material chemistry
Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry
Metal Nanoparticles - toxicity
Nanostructure
Nutrients
Pumps
Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
Rutile
Titanium - chemistry
Titanium dioxide
Toxicology
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Summary:TiO2 microparticles are widely used in food products, where they are added as a white food colouring agent. This food additive contains a significant amount of nanoscale particles; still the impact of TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) on gut cells is poorly documented. Our study aimed at evaluating the impact of rutile and anatase TiO2-NPs on the main functions of enterocytes, i.e. nutrient absorption driven by solute-liquid carriers (SLC transporters) and protection against other xenobiotics driven by efflux pumps from the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family. We show that acute exposure of Caco-2 cells to both anatase (12 nm) and rutile (20 nm) TiO2-NPs induce early upregulation of a battery of efflux pumps and nutrient transporters. In addition they cause overproduction of reactive oxygen species and misbalance redox repair systems, without inducing cell mortality or DNA damage. Taken together, these data suggest that TiO2-NPs may increase the functionality of gut epithelial cells, particularly their property to form a protective barrier against exogenous toxicants and to absorb nutrients.
ISSN:2040-3364
2040-3372
DOI:10.1039/c5nr00505a