Macrophages Versus Escherichia coli: A Decisive Fight in Crohn's Disease

The pathophysiology of Crohn's disease (CD), a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, remains imperfectly elucidated. Consequently, the therapeutic armamentarium remains limited and has not changed the natural history of CD hitherto. Accordingly, physicians need to identify new therapeutic targets...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Inflammatory bowel diseases 2016-12, Vol.22 (12), p.2943-2955
Main Authors: Buisson, Anthony, Bringer, Marie-Agnès, Barnich, Nicolas, Vazeille, Emilie
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Crohn Disease - immunology
Crohn Disease - microbiology
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli - immunology
Human health and pathology
Humans
Hépatology and Gastroenterology
Intestinal Mucosa - immunology
Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology
Life Sciences
Macrophages - immunology
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Summary:The pathophysiology of Crohn's disease (CD), a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, remains imperfectly elucidated. Consequently, the therapeutic armamentarium remains limited and has not changed the natural history of CD hitherto. Accordingly, physicians need to identify new therapeutic targets to be able to alter the intestinal damage. The most recent hypothesis considered CD as resulting from an abnormal interaction between microbiota and host immune system influenced by genetics and environmental factors. Several experimental and genetic evidence point out intestinal macrophages in CD etiology. An increase of macrophages number and the presence of granulomas are especially observed in the intestinal mucosa of patients with CD. These macrophages could be defective and particularly in responses to infectious agents like CD-associated Escherichia coli. This review focuses on, what is currently known regarding the role of macrophages, macrophages/E. coli interaction, and the impact of CD therapies on macrophages in CD. We also speculate that macrophages modulation could lead to important translational implications in CD with the end goal of promoting gut health.
ISSN:1078-0998
1536-4844
DOI:10.1097/MIB.0000000000000946