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Validation of the Self-Discrepancies Scale (S-DS). A tool to investigate the self in clinical and research settings

Self-discrepancies (the distances between the perceived self and the ideal or the socially prescribed selves) are a hallmark in psychological distress. However, a clinical tool evaluating these discrepancies is lacking. To investigate the validity, the psychometric characteristics and the clinical r...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Revue européenne de psychologie appliquée 2018-03, Vol.68 (2), p.69-77
Main Authors: Philippot, P., Dethier, V., Baeyens, C., Bouvard, M.
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:Self-discrepancies (the distances between the perceived self and the ideal or the socially prescribed selves) are a hallmark in psychological distress. However, a clinical tool evaluating these discrepancies is lacking. To investigate the validity, the psychometric characteristics and the clinical relevance of the Self-Discrepancy Scale, an instrument designed to assess with multiple indices discrepancies between mental representations of the self: the actual self, on the one hand and ideal or socially-prescribed selves, on the other hand. The Self-Discrepancy Scale has been administered to a large community sample, together with measures of depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. It was also proposed to an additional clinical sample composed of clients with a diagnosis of mood or anxiety disorders seeking psychotherapeutic help. A factor analysis evidenced three underlying dimensions to self-discrepancies: the size of the discrepancies, the resulting distress and the presence to unwanted traits. Test-retest consistency is in the acceptable range. Different profiles of self-discrepancies distinguished clinical groups suffering from different disorders. The data suggest that the Self-Discrepancy Scale is a valid measure of self-discrepancies and a valuable predictor of emotional vulnerability, especially with regards to abstract global judgments of discrepancies and of discrepancy induced distress. It is concluded that the Self-Discrepancy Scale offers a valuable help in clinical settings. Les écarts des sois (les distances entre le soi perçu et les sois idéal ou socialement prescrit) sont très souvent présents dans les situations de détresse psychologique. Cependant, on manque d’un outil clinique évaluant ces écarts. Explorer la validité, les caractéristiques psychométriques et la pertinence clinique de l’Échelle d’Écarts des Sois, un instrument conçu pour évaluer avec des indices multiples les écarts entre les représentations mentales du soi : le soi actuel, d’une part, et les sois idéal et socialement prescrit, d’autre part. L’Échelle d’Écarts des Sois a été administrée à un large échantillon tout-venant, en même temps que des mesures de dépression, d’anxiété, d’estime de soi et d’efficacité personnelle. Il a aussi été proposé à un échantillon clinique de patients répondant à un diagnostic de trouble de l’humeur ou d’anxiété. Une analyse factorielle a mis en évidence trois dimensions sous-tendant les écarts des sois : l’amplitude des écarts,
ISSN:1162-9088
1878-3457
DOI:10.1016/j.erap.2018.04.001