Potential mechanisms underlying cardiovascular protection by polyphenols: Role of the endothelium

Epidemiological studies have indicated that regular intake of polyphenol-rich diets such as red wine and tea, are associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. The beneficial effect of polyphenol-rich products has been attributable, at least in part, to their direct action on the endoth...

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Published in:Free radical biology & medicine 2018-07, Vol.122, p.161-170
Main Authors: Oak, Min-Ho, Auger, Cyril, Belcastro, Eugenia, Park, Sin-Hee, Lee, Hyun-Ho, Schini-Kerth, Valérie B.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aging - drug effects
Aging - pathology
Animals
Cardiotonic Agents - metabolism
Cardiotonic Agents - therapeutic use
Cardiovascular Diseases - diet therapy
Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control
Cardiovascular risk factors
Endothelium
Endothelium - drug effects
Endothelium - pathology
Humans
Life Sciences
Nitric oxide
Nitric Oxide - metabolism
Pharmaceutical sciences
Pharmacology
Polyphenols
Polyphenols - metabolism
Polyphenols - therapeutic use
Tea
Wine
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Summary:Epidemiological studies have indicated that regular intake of polyphenol-rich diets such as red wine and tea, are associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. The beneficial effect of polyphenol-rich products has been attributable, at least in part, to their direct action on the endothelial function. Indeed, polyphenols from tea, grapes, cacao, berries, and plants have been shown to activate endothelial cells to increase the formation of potent vasoprotective factors including nitric oxide (NO) and to delay endothelial ageing. Moreover, intake of such polyphenol-rich products has been associated with the prevention and/or the improvement of an established endothelial dysfunction in several experimental models of cardiovascular diseases and in Humans with cardiovascular diseases. This review will discuss both experimental and clinical evidences indicating that polyphenols are able to promote endothelial and vascular health, as well as the underlying mechanisms. [Display omitted] •Several polyphenol-rich diets reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.•Polyphenols can induce the endothelial formation of potent vasoprotective factors.•Polyphenols can prevent premature endothelial senescence and delay vascular ageing.•Polyphenols can prevent and/or improve established endothelial dysfunction.
ISSN:0891-5849
1873-4596
DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.018