Lithium niobate waveguides with high-index contrast and preserved nonlinearity fabricated by a high vacuum vapor-phase proton exchange

Highly confining waveguides ( Δ n e > 0.1 ) without a degraded nonlinear coefficient and low propagation losses have been fabricated in lithium niobate (LN) by a new process that we called high vacuum vapor-phase proton exchange (HiVac-VPE). Index contrast, index profile, nonlinearity, and crysta...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Photonics research (Washington, DC) DC), 2020-01, Vol.8 (1), p.8
Main Authors: Rambu, Alicia Petronela, Apetrei, Alin Marian, Doutre, Florent, Tronche, Hervé, Tiron, Vasile, de Micheli, Marc, Tascu, Sorin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Optics
Physics
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Summary:Highly confining waveguides ( Δ n e > 0.1 ) without a degraded nonlinear coefficient and low propagation losses have been fabricated in lithium niobate (LN) by a new process that we called high vacuum vapor-phase proton exchange (HiVac-VPE). Index contrast, index profile, nonlinearity, and crystallographic phases are carefully investigated. Original analysis of index profiles indicates that the waveguides contain sub-layers whose depths depend on the exchange durations. Propagation behavior, propagation losses, and second-harmonic generation response of HiVac-VPE channel waveguides are investigated at telecom wavelength. The results recommend HiVac-VPE as a very promising technique for fabricating efficient nonlinear photonic integrated circuits in LN crystals.
ISSN:2327-9125
2327-9125
DOI:10.1364/PRJ.8.000008