Approche des comportements techniques au Magdalénien moyen ancien dans le Centre-Ouest de la France: L’industrie lithique de la Marche (Vienne) et de la grotte Blanchard à la Garenne (Indre)

• Published in: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française 2020-03, Vol.Actes de la séance de la Société Préhistorique Française, Session XVII-2 du XVIIIe Congrès de l’UISPP, Paris, 6 juin 2018, Paris (15)
• Main Authors: Gauvrit-Roux, Eugenie, Beyries, Sylvie
• Format: Article
• Language: fre
• Subjects: Archaeology and Prehistory; Humanities and Social Sciences
• ISSN: 0249-7638; 1760-7361

The evidence of post-LGM human re-occupation of West-Central France particularly develop between 19 and 17.5 ky cal. BP. This interval corresponds to the Early Middle Magdalenian Period (EMM) which includes numerous cave sites rich in art in the area. In West-Central France, the EMM appears as an exception since very few occupations are attributed to earlier (Lower Magdalenian) or later periods (Late Middle Magdalenian). Several open-air sites are documented in the area south of the Paris Basin, but their chrono-cultural attribution is complicated: they are most often non-dated surface sites whose material is composed of unretouched flint débitage items. These sites may have been related to the exploitation of good quality flints in the Grand-Pressigny region (Indre-et-Loire).During the EMM, several cultural traditions are recognised, notably through the typology of osseous projectile points, the microliths and art productions. West-Central France is at the crossroads of several of these traditions. The sites of the region have yielded abundant works of art and osseous industry, which is at the heart of cultural traditions perceived by the archaeologists as the following facies. The Lussac-Angles Magdalenian (LAM) is defined by the Lussac-Angles osseous point identified from the south of the Paris Basin to Cantabria (Cantabrian Lower Magdalenian). The navettes Magdalenian (NM) is mainly identified by the navette, a specific osseous artifact interpreted as a tool haft, found from Gironde to Poland. The comprehension of these facies rests mainly on typological bases. In order to contribute to a broadening of the means of characterizingthese facies, we place the techniques at the heart of the reflection to participate to promote a better understanding of the cultural dynamics during the EMM in West-Central France. To reach this, we use technological and functional analyses of lithic industries. These two methods allow to reconstitute the chaînes opératoires from the production of the tools to their discard, the gestures that compose processes, and therefore the technical traditions to which they belonged. These last aspects constitute cultural markers and are used in the characterization on the cultural diversity during the EMM.We focus on the lithic industry from la Marche (Vienne, LAM) and the Blanchard cave on the hillside of la Garenne (Indre, NM). Theyare close geographically and chronologically and are at the centre of the definition of distinct typolog