Two viruses, MCV1 and MCV2, which infect Marinitoga bacteria isolated from deep‐sea hydrothermal vents: functional and genomic analysis

Summary Viruses represent a driving force in the evolution of microorganisms including those thriving in extreme environments. However, our knowledge of the viral diversity associated to microorganisms inhabiting the deep‐sea hydrothermal vents remains limited. The phylum of Thermotogae, including t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental microbiology 2018-02, Vol.20 (2), p.577-587
Main Authors: Mercier, C., Lossouarn, J., Nesbø, C. L., Haverkamp, T. H. A., Baudoux, A. C., Jebbar, M., Bienvenu, N., Thiroux, S., Dupont, S., Geslin, C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Archaea
Bacteria
Bacteria, Anaerobic - virology
Bacteriophages - classification
Bacteriophages - genetics
Bacteriophages - isolation & purification
Deep water
Ecological monitoring
Ecological studies
Extreme environments
Genome, Viral
Genomes
Genomic analysis
Genomics
Heavy metals
Hosts
Hydrothermal plumes
Hydrothermal springs
Hydrothermal vents
Hydrothermal Vents - microbiology
Life Sciences
Membrane vesicles
Metals
Microbiological strains
Microbiology and Parasitology
Microorganisms
Phylogeny
Seawater - microbiology
Thermophilic bacteria
Vents
Viruses
Water Microbiology
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Summary:Summary Viruses represent a driving force in the evolution of microorganisms including those thriving in extreme environments. However, our knowledge of the viral diversity associated to microorganisms inhabiting the deep‐sea hydrothermal vents remains limited. The phylum of Thermotogae, including thermophilic bacteria, is well represented in this environment. Only one virus was described in this phylum, MPV1 carried by Marinitoga piezophila. In this study, we report on the functional and genomic characterization of two new bacterioviruses that infect bacteria from the Marinitoga genus. Marinitoga camini virus 1 and 2 (MCV1 and MCV2) are temperate siphoviruses with a linear dsDNA genome of 53.4 kb and 50.5 kb respectively. Here, we present a comparative genomic analysis of the MCV1 and MCV2 viral genomes with that of MPV1. The results indicate that even if the host strains come from geographically distant sites, their genomes share numerous similarities. Interestingly, heavy metals did not induce viral production, instead the host of MCV1 produced membrane vesicles. This study highlights interaction of mobile genetic elements (MGE) with their hosts and the importance of including hosts‐MGEs' relationships in ecological studies.
ISSN:1462-2912
1462-2920
DOI:10.1111/1462-2920.13967