Bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses: recent developments with these globally re-emerging arboviral infections of ruminants

Bluetongue (BT) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) are globally re-emerging diseases of domestic and wild ruminants, respectively caused by BT virus (BTV) and EHD virus. Both viruses are transmitted by hematophagous midges; however, newly recognized BTV serotypes may be transmitted horizontally...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current opinion in virology 2019-02, Vol.34, p.56-62
Main Authors: Maclachlan, Nigel James, Zientara, Stephan, Wilson, William C, Richt, Juergen A, Savini, Giovanni
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Bluetongue - transmission
Bluetongue - virology
Bluetongue virus - genetics
Bluetongue virus - pathogenicity
Ceratopogonidae - virology
Communicable Diseases, Emerging - transmission
Communicable Diseases, Emerging - veterinary
Communicable Diseases, Emerging - virology
Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, Epizootic - genetics
Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, Epizootic - pathogenicity
Life Sciences
Reoviridae Infections - transmission
Reoviridae Infections - veterinary
Ruminants
Sheep
Vector Borne Diseases - transmission
Vector Borne Diseases - veterinary
Vector Borne Diseases - virology
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Summary:Bluetongue (BT) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) are globally re-emerging diseases of domestic and wild ruminants, respectively caused by BT virus (BTV) and EHD virus. Both viruses are transmitted by hematophagous midges; however, newly recognized BTV serotypes may be transmitted horizontally without requirement for any biological vector. The global range of these viruses and/or their associated diseases have changed remarkably in recent years, most notably with the invasion of Europe by multiple serotypes of BTV since 1998. Although not zoonoses, the unanticipated emergence of BT and EHD in several different areas of the world provides a uniquely sobering and unambiguous reminder of the potential consequences of climate change on the distribution and severity of vector-borne diseases. Recent experiences with these viruses have also emphasized the need for effective, DIVA-compatible vaccines to combat anticipated future incursions, as existing vaccines have serious inherent deficiencies.
ISSN:1879-6257
1879-6265
DOI:10.1016/j.coviro.2018.12.005