Geostatistical modelling of chemical residues on archaeological floors in the presence of barriers

• Published in: Journal of archaeological science 2016-06, Vol.70, p.91-101
• Main Authors: Negre, Joan, Muñoz, Facundo, Lancelotti, Carla
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Computer Science; Cost-based distance; Housefloors; Kriging; Modeling and Simulation; Non-euclidean geostatistics; Spatial heterogeneity
• ISSN: 0305-4403; 1095-9238
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2016.04.016

Maps representing the distribution of chemical residues over anthropogenic floors are the main diagnostic tools used by archaeologists for addressing the identification of geochemical signatures of past actions. Geostatistics allows producing these maps from a sample of locations by modelling the spatial autocorrelation structure of these kind of phenomena. However, the homogeneity of the prediction regions is a strong assumption in the model. The presence of barriers, such as the inner walls of domestic units, introduces discontinuities in prediction areas. In this paper, we investigate how to incorporate information of a geographical nature into the process of geostatistical prediction. We propose the use of cost-based distances to quantify the correlation between locations, a solution which has proved to be a practical alternative approach for archaeological intrasite analysis. The cost-based approach produces more reliable results avoiding the unrealistic assumption of the homogeneity of the study area. As a working example, a case study of the distribution of two specific chemical signatures in domestic floors is presented within a controlled ethnographical context in Northern Gujarat (India). On a broad disciplinary scale, the benefits of using our approach include improved estimates in regions with complex geometry and lower uncertainty in the kriging predictions. •Mapping the distribution of chemical elements allows us to understand the activities developed in certain areas.•Geostatistical methods are usually used to model the results of this kind of analyses and hence facilitate interpretation.•One of the main limits of the use of geostatistics is the assumption of a homogeneous, unrestricted space of analysis.•We propose the use of cost-based distances to quantify the correlation between sampling locations.