Effects of organic and inorganic fertilization on soil bacterial and fungal microbial diversity in the Kabete long-term trial, Kenya

• Published in: Biology and fertility of soils 2011-04, Vol.47 (3), p.315-321
• Main Authors: Kamaa, Mary, Mburu, Harrison, Blanchart, Eric, Chibole, Livingstone, Chotte, Jean-Luc, Kibunja, Catherine, Lesueur, Didier
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agricultural ecosystems; Agricultural sciences; Agriculture; Agrochemicals; Animal manures; Bacteria; Biodiversity; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Community structure; Ecosystem management; Fertilizers; Fungi; Life Sciences; Microbial activity; Microbial diversity; Mineral fertilizers; Organic and inorganic amendments; Original Paper; Soil microorganisms; Soil Science & Conservation; Soil treatment; Stover; Zea mays
• ISSN: 0178-2762; 1432-0789
• DOI: 10.1007/s00374-011-0539-3

The effects of crop manure and inorganic fertilizers on composition of microbial communities of central high land soils of Kenya are poorly known. For this reason, we have carried out a thirty-two-year-old long-term trial in Kabete, Kenya. These soils were treated with organic (maize stover (MS) at 10 t ha⁻¹, farmyard manure (FYM) at 10 t ha⁻¹) and inorganic fertilizers 120 kg N, 52.8 kg P (N₂P₂), N₂P₂ + MS, N₂P₂ + FYM, a control, and a fallow for over 30 years. We examined 16S rRNA gene and 28S rRNA gene fingerprints of bacterial and fungal diversity by PCR amplification and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis separation, respectively. The PCR bacterial community structure and diversity were negatively affected by N₂P₂ and were more closely related to the bacterial structure in the soils without any addition (control) than that of soils with a combination of inorganic and organic or inorganic fertilizers alone. The effect on fungal diversity by N₂P₂ was different than the effect on bacterial diversity since the fungal diversity was similar to that of the N₂P₂ + FYM and N₂P₂ + MS-treated. However, soils treated with organic inputs clustered away from soils amended with inorganic inputs. Organic inputs had a positive effect on both bacterial and fungal diversity with or without chemical fertilizers. Results from this study suggested that total diversity of bacterial and fungal communities was closely related to agro-ecosystem management practices and may partially explain the yield differences observed between the different treatments.