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Effects of feed restriction and subsequent refeeding on energy utilization in growing pigs

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the metabolic utilization of energy in crossbred barrows during feed restriction and subsequent refeeding. Ten pigs, initially weighing 52 kg, were used in 5 blocks of 2 littermates each. A 7-d adaptation period (P1) was used in which pigs were offered feed...

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Published in:Journal of animal science 2006-12, Vol.84 (12), p.3329-3336
Main Authors: Lovatto, P.A, Sauvant, D, Noblet, J, Dubois, S, Milgen, J. van
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description An experiment was carried out to evaluate the metabolic utilization of energy in crossbred barrows during feed restriction and subsequent refeeding. Ten pigs, initially weighing 52 kg, were used in 5 blocks of 2 littermates each. A 7-d adaptation period (P1) was used in which pigs were offered feed at 2.60 MJ of ME·kg of BW⁻⁰.⁶⁰·d⁻¹. This adaptation period was followed by a 7-d period (P2), in which 1 pig of each block continued to receive feed at the same level of feeding, whereas for its littermate a 40% reduction in feed intake was imposed (i.e., 1.55 MJ of ME·kg of BW⁻⁰.⁶⁰·d⁻¹). During the subsequent 7-d period (P3), both pigs were offered feed at 2.60 MJ of ME·kg of BW⁻⁰.⁶⁰·d⁻¹. After P3, pigs were fasted for 1 d. Heat production (HP) was measured for all pigs during the last 3 d of P1 and on all days for P2 and P3. Heat production was measured using an open-circuit respiration chamber. Energy and N balances were determined for P1, P2, and P3. The HP was partitioned into HP due to physical activity, the short-term thermic effect of feeding, and resting HP. Feed restriction during P2 decreased (P < 0.01) total HP, resting HP, short-term thermic effect of feeding, and retained energy, whereas HP due to physical activity was not affected by feed restriction (P = 0.50). Likewise, fecal and urinary N loss, protein gain, lipid gain, and ADG were reduced during feed restriction (P < 0.01). There were no differences in components of HP and metabolic utilization of energy between the 2 groups during P1 and P3. Nevertheless, urinary N loss was decreased (P < 0.05) and ADG increased (P < 0.01) during P3 for pigs that were restricted in P2. Compensatory growth after a period of feed restriction does not seem to be related to a change in the metabolic utilization of energy for gain but more likely is due to gain in water and gut contents.
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Ten pigs, initially weighing 52 kg, were used in 5 blocks of 2 littermates each. A 7-d adaptation period (P1) was used in which pigs were offered feed at 2.60 MJ of ME·kg of BW⁻⁰.⁶⁰·d⁻¹. This adaptation period was followed by a 7-d period (P2), in which 1 pig of each block continued to receive feed at the same level of feeding, whereas for its littermate a 40% reduction in feed intake was imposed (i.e., 1.55 MJ of ME·kg of BW⁻⁰.⁶⁰·d⁻¹). During the subsequent 7-d period (P3), both pigs were offered feed at 2.60 MJ of ME·kg of BW⁻⁰.⁶⁰·d⁻¹. After P3, pigs were fasted for 1 d. Heat production (HP) was measured for all pigs during the last 3 d of P1 and on all days for P2 and P3. Heat production was measured using an open-circuit respiration chamber. Energy and N balances were determined for P1, P2, and P3. The HP was partitioned into HP due to physical activity, the short-term thermic effect of feeding, and resting HP. Feed restriction during P2 decreased (P &lt; 0.01) total HP, resting HP, short-term thermic effect of feeding, and retained energy, whereas HP due to physical activity was not affected by feed restriction (P = 0.50). Likewise, fecal and urinary N loss, protein gain, lipid gain, and ADG were reduced during feed restriction (P &lt; 0.01). There were no differences in components of HP and metabolic utilization of energy between the 2 groups during P1 and P3. Nevertheless, urinary N loss was decreased (P &lt; 0.05) and ADG increased (P &lt; 0.01) during P3 for pigs that were restricted in P2. 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Ten pigs, initially weighing 52 kg, were used in 5 blocks of 2 littermates each. A 7-d adaptation period (P1) was used in which pigs were offered feed at 2.60 MJ of ME·kg of BW⁻⁰.⁶⁰·d⁻¹. This adaptation period was followed by a 7-d period (P2), in which 1 pig of each block continued to receive feed at the same level of feeding, whereas for its littermate a 40% reduction in feed intake was imposed (i.e., 1.55 MJ of ME·kg of BW⁻⁰.⁶⁰·d⁻¹). During the subsequent 7-d period (P3), both pigs were offered feed at 2.60 MJ of ME·kg of BW⁻⁰.⁶⁰·d⁻¹. After P3, pigs were fasted for 1 d. Heat production (HP) was measured for all pigs during the last 3 d of P1 and on all days for P2 and P3. Heat production was measured using an open-circuit respiration chamber. Energy and N balances were determined for P1, P2, and P3. The HP was partitioned into HP due to physical activity, the short-term thermic effect of feeding, and resting HP. 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Ten pigs, initially weighing 52 kg, were used in 5 blocks of 2 littermates each. A 7-d adaptation period (P1) was used in which pigs were offered feed at 2.60 MJ of ME·kg of BW⁻⁰.⁶⁰·d⁻¹. This adaptation period was followed by a 7-d period (P2), in which 1 pig of each block continued to receive feed at the same level of feeding, whereas for its littermate a 40% reduction in feed intake was imposed (i.e., 1.55 MJ of ME·kg of BW⁻⁰.⁶⁰·d⁻¹). During the subsequent 7-d period (P3), both pigs were offered feed at 2.60 MJ of ME·kg of BW⁻⁰.⁶⁰·d⁻¹. After P3, pigs were fasted for 1 d. Heat production (HP) was measured for all pigs during the last 3 d of P1 and on all days for P2 and P3. Heat production was measured using an open-circuit respiration chamber. Energy and N balances were determined for P1, P2, and P3. The HP was partitioned into HP due to physical activity, the short-term thermic effect of feeding, and resting HP. Feed restriction during P2 decreased (P &lt; 0.01) total HP, resting HP, short-term thermic effect of feeding, and retained energy, whereas HP due to physical activity was not affected by feed restriction (P = 0.50). Likewise, fecal and urinary N loss, protein gain, lipid gain, and ADG were reduced during feed restriction (P &lt; 0.01). There were no differences in components of HP and metabolic utilization of energy between the 2 groups during P1 and P3. Nevertheless, urinary N loss was decreased (P &lt; 0.05) and ADG increased (P &lt; 0.01) during P3 for pigs that were restricted in P2. Compensatory growth after a period of feed restriction does not seem to be related to a change in the metabolic utilization of energy for gain but more likely is due to gain in water and gut contents.</abstract><cop>Savoy, IL</cop><pub>American Society of Animal Science</pub><pmid>17093225</pmid><doi>10.2527/jas.2006-048</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6131-5255</orcidid></addata></record>
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ispartof Journal of animal science, 2006-12, Vol.84 (12), p.3329-3336
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1525-3163
language eng
recordid cdi_hal_primary_oai_HAL_hal_02661963v1
source Oxford Journals Online
subjects Agricultural sciences
Animal Feed
Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Animal production studies
Animal productions
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
compensatory growth
Diet
digesta
energy metabolism
Energy Metabolism - physiology
feces
Feed and pet food industries
feed intake
feed rations
Food Deprivation - physiology
Food industries
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
heat production
Hogs
Life Sciences
lipid metabolism
liveweight gain
Male
Metabolism
nitrogen
Nitrogen - metabolism
nutrient retention
physical activity
protein metabolism
refeeding
restricted feeding
swine
Swine - growth & development
Swine - metabolism
swine feeding
Terrestrial animal productions
thermic effect of food
urine
Vertebrates
water content
Weaning
Weight
title Effects of feed restriction and subsequent refeeding on energy utilization in growing pigs
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