Degree of sex reversal as related to plasma steroid levels in genetic female chickens (Gallus domesticus) treated with fadrozole

• Published in: Molecular reproduction and development 2003-08, Vol.65 (4), p.420-428
• Main Authors: Vaillant, S., Guémené, D., Dorizzi, M., Pieau, C., Richard-Mercier, N., Brillard, J.-P.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: androgen; Animals; Aromatase - metabolism; Aromatase Inhibitors; Biological and medical sciences; Chick Embryo; chicken; Disorders of Sex Development; Enzyme Inhibitors - pharmacology; Estradiol - blood; Estradiol - secretion; estrogen; Estrogen Antagonists - pharmacology; fadrozole; Fadrozole - pharmacology; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gonads - enzymology; Gonads - growth & development; In Vitro Techniques; Life Sciences; Male; Non mammalian vertebrate reproduction; Reproductive Biology; Sex Differentiation; sex reversal; sperm; Spermatogenesis; Spermatozoa - physiology; Testis - enzymology; Testosterone - blood; Testosterone - pharmacology; Vertebrates: reproduction
• ISSN: 1040-452X; 1098-2795
• DOI: 10.1002/mrd.10318

The objectives of this work were to determine whether or not plasma levels of testosterone and estradiol reflect the various grades of sex reversal in genetic female chickens treated with Fadrozole (CGS 16949 A), a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor, and whether gonadal aromatase activity and plasma levels of testosterone and estradiol in treated females can or not be modified by post‐hatch treatments with Fadrozole or Fadrozole + testosterone. Eggs were injected with 1 mg Fadrozole on day 4 of incubation. In females having developed sex‐reversed gonads, endocrine parameters (estradiol and testosterone) at and after 13 weeks of age were indicative of the degree of sex reversal, with, for example, sex‐reversed females with two testes having the highest levels of testosterone and the lowest levels of estradiol. Among these females, eight (from a total of 13) produced ejaculates with scarce and abnormal spermatozoa. Some motility was observable in the ejaculates from five of them. None of the post‐hatch treatments had a significant effect on plasma levels of testosterone or estradiol (measured at 3‐week intervals from week 4 to week 28 post‐hatch) or on gonadal aromatase activity (measured at 12 and 28 weeks). In conclusion, these results indicate that plasma levels of testosterone and estradiol at and after 13 weeks of age are valuable indicators of the degree of sex reversal in female chickens treated with Fadrozole prior to gonadal sex differentiation. In pre‐cited conditions, post‐natal treatments with either Fadrozole or Fadrozole + testosterone had no apparent effect on the degree of sex reversal in these birds. Finally, the occurrence of ejaculates with motile although scarce and abnormal spermatozoa, revealed that epididymes and ducti deferens can develop and become functional in sex‐reversed female chickens. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 65: 420–428, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.