Induction of cytochrome P450 and/or detoxication enzymes by various extracts of rosemary: description of specific patterns

• Published in: Food and chemical toxicology 2001-09, Vol.39 (9), p.907-918
• Main Authors: Debersac, P, Heydel, J.-M, Amiot, M.-J, Goudonnet, H, Artur, Y, Suschetet, M, Siess, M.-H
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Body Weight - drug effects; Carcinogenesis, carcinogens and anticarcinogens; Chemical agents; Chemical and Process Engineering; Chemoprevention; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - biosynthesis; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - drug effects; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - genetics; Cytochrome P450; Cytosol - drug effects; Cytosol - enzymology; Engineering Sciences; Enzyme Induction - drug effects; Food engineering; Glutathione S-transferase; Immunoblotting; Lamiaceae - chemistry; Life Sciences; Liver - drug effects; Liver - enzymology; Male; Medical sciences; Microsomes, Liver - drug effects; Microsomes, Liver - enzymology; NAD(P)H: quinone reductase; Organ Size - drug effects; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Rat; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger - analysis; Rosemary extracts; rosmarinic acid; Rosmarinus officinalis; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Tumors; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
• ISSN: 0278-6915; 1873-6351
• DOI: 10.1016/S0278-6915(01)00034-5

The ability of rosemary to modulate cytochrome P450 (CYP) and detoxication enzymes in rat liver was evaluated by comparing the effects of dried leaves and leaf extracts with different chemical compositions: essential oil (EO) containing monoterpenes, a dichloromethane extract (DCME) containing phenolic diterpenes and a water-soluble extract (WSE) containing phenolic compounds such as rosmarinic acid and flavonoids. Chemical analyses were done in order to characterize the composition of extracts. Male Wistar rats received the leaves or extracts of rosemary in their diet at 0.5% (w/w) for 2 weeks. The effects of such treatments were evaluated for CYP (1A, 2B, 2E1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), NAD(P)H: quinone reductase (QR) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activities and on protein levels (immunoblot analyses). Expression of specific UGT isoforms (mRNA semi-quantification by RT-PCR) was measured. Our study reports that EO selectively induced CYP, particularly CYP2B. WSE enhanced both CYP and detoxication enzymes. DCME acted as a monofunctional inducer, inducing GST, QR and UGT, in particular UGT1A6. Considering the specific pattern of induction obtained with DCME and WSE treatment, it should be relevant to evaluate the chemopreventive potency of these extracts on carcinogenesis in animal models.