Impact of a high-fat diet on the fatty acid composition of the retina

Structure and function of the retina mainly rely on its fatty acid (FA) composition. Evidence from epidemiological studies and from animal experiments indicates that FA composition of the retina is influenced by the diet. Mice under chronic high-fat diet (HFD) develop metabolic syndrome, a risk fact...

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Published in:Experimental eye research 2020-07, Vol.196, p.108059-108059, Article 108059
Main Authors: Albouery, Mayssa, Buteau, Bénédicte, Grégoire, Stéphane, Martine, Lucy, Gambert, Ségolène, Bron, Alain M., Acar, Niyazi, Chassaing, Benoit, Bringer, Marie-Agnès
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adiposity - drug effects
alpha-Linolenic Acid - metabolism
Animals
Blood Glucose - metabolism
Chromatography, Gas
Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects
Dyslipidemias - etiology
Essential fatty acids
Fatty Acids - metabolism
Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated - metabolism
Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - metabolism
Food and Nutrition
High-fat diet
Human health and pathology
Hyperglycemia - etiology
Life Sciences
Linoleic Acids - metabolism
Liver - metabolism
Male
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic Syndrome - etiology
Metabolic Syndrome - metabolism
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Monounsaturated fatty acids
Plasmalogens
Plasmalogens - metabolism
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Retina
Retina - metabolism
Saturated fatty acids
Sensory Organs
Weight Gain - drug effects
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cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c434t-718817c53615f4bbebc13c338e85171cf06f3873933710c2d15eeed0f7a19a453
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container_title Experimental eye research
container_volume 196
creator Albouery, Mayssa
Buteau, Bénédicte
Grégoire, Stéphane
Martine, Lucy
Gambert, Ségolène
Bron, Alain M.
Acar, Niyazi
Chassaing, Benoit
Bringer, Marie-Agnès
description Structure and function of the retina mainly rely on its fatty acid (FA) composition. Evidence from epidemiological studies and from animal experiments indicates that FA composition of the retina is influenced by the diet. Mice under chronic high-fat diet (HFD) develop metabolic syndrome, a risk factor for diabetes that is associated with structural and functional alterations of the retina. Here, we studied the impact of chronic exposure of mice to HFD on retinal FA composition. C57BL/6 J male mice were fed either a chow diet or a HFD for 11 weeks. As expected, HFD induced weight gain, adiposity, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. The retinal FA composition was determined by gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detection. No significant change in the relative abundance of total saturated FAs (SFAs), total monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) or total polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) was observed. However, retinas of HFD-fed mice displayed decreased amounts of C24:0 (p = 0.0231), C16:1n-7 (p 
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108059
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Evidence from epidemiological studies and from animal experiments indicates that FA composition of the retina is influenced by the diet. Mice under chronic high-fat diet (HFD) develop metabolic syndrome, a risk factor for diabetes that is associated with structural and functional alterations of the retina. Here, we studied the impact of chronic exposure of mice to HFD on retinal FA composition. C57BL/6 J male mice were fed either a chow diet or a HFD for 11 weeks. As expected, HFD induced weight gain, adiposity, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. The retinal FA composition was determined by gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detection. No significant change in the relative abundance of total saturated FAs (SFAs), total monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) or total polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) was observed. However, retinas of HFD-fed mice displayed decreased amounts of C24:0 (p = 0.0231), C16:1n-7 (p &lt; 0.0001), C18:1n-7 (p &lt; 0.0001), C20:3n-9 (p = 0.0425) and C20:3n-6 (p = 0.0008), and an increased amount of C20:2n-6 (p &lt; 0.0001). In addition, the ratio of linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) to alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) was increased in the retinas of HFD-fed mice (15.0 ± 0.8 versus 11.8 ± 0.6 in HFD and CD, respectively, p = 0.0045). No modification in the contents of arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6, AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3, DHA) were observed. Analysis of dimethylacetals (DMA), which are residues of plasmalogens (Pls), revealed that the amount of Pls containing octadecanal-aldehydes (DMA C18:0) was significantly increased in HFD-fed mice (p = 0.0447). This increase was, at least in part, balanced by a decrease in Pls containing 7-octadecanal-aldehydes (DMA C18:1n-7) (p = 0.0007). In conclusion, HFD had an impact on the relative proportion of essential dietary fatty acids linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid that are incorporated in the retina. However, this imbalance in PUFA precursors did not alter the content of the two major retinal long-chain PUFAs, AA and DHA. HFD consumption also led to alterations in the retinal SFAs, MUFAs and Pls profiles. •HFD modifies the relative proportion of retinal linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids.•Imbalance in retinal essential fatty acids had no impact on the DHA and AA content.•HFD decreases retinal omega-7 MUFAs.•HFD modulates retinal content in plasmalogens.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0014-4835</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1096-0007</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108059</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32387380</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Adiposity - drug effects ; alpha-Linolenic Acid - metabolism ; Animals ; Blood Glucose - metabolism ; Chromatography, Gas ; Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects ; Dyslipidemias - etiology ; Essential fatty acids ; Fatty Acids - metabolism ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated - metabolism ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - metabolism ; Food and Nutrition ; High-fat diet ; Human health and pathology ; Hyperglycemia - etiology ; Life Sciences ; Linoleic Acids - metabolism ; Liver - metabolism ; Male ; Metabolic syndrome ; Metabolic Syndrome - etiology ; Metabolic Syndrome - metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Monounsaturated fatty acids ; Plasmalogens ; Plasmalogens - metabolism ; Polyunsaturated fatty acids ; Retina ; Retina - metabolism ; Saturated fatty acids ; Sensory Organs ; Weight Gain - drug effects</subject><ispartof>Experimental eye research, 2020-07, Vol.196, p.108059-108059, Article 108059</ispartof><rights>2020 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. 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However, retinas of HFD-fed mice displayed decreased amounts of C24:0 (p = 0.0231), C16:1n-7 (p &lt; 0.0001), C18:1n-7 (p &lt; 0.0001), C20:3n-9 (p = 0.0425) and C20:3n-6 (p = 0.0008), and an increased amount of C20:2n-6 (p &lt; 0.0001). In addition, the ratio of linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) to alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) was increased in the retinas of HFD-fed mice (15.0 ± 0.8 versus 11.8 ± 0.6 in HFD and CD, respectively, p = 0.0045). No modification in the contents of arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6, AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3, DHA) were observed. Analysis of dimethylacetals (DMA), which are residues of plasmalogens (Pls), revealed that the amount of Pls containing octadecanal-aldehydes (DMA C18:0) was significantly increased in HFD-fed mice (p = 0.0447). This increase was, at least in part, balanced by a decrease in Pls containing 7-octadecanal-aldehydes (DMA C18:1n-7) (p = 0.0007). 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subjects Adiposity - drug effects
alpha-Linolenic Acid - metabolism
Animals
Blood Glucose - metabolism
Chromatography, Gas
Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects
Dyslipidemias - etiology
Essential fatty acids
Fatty Acids - metabolism
Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated - metabolism
Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - metabolism
Food and Nutrition
High-fat diet
Human health and pathology
Hyperglycemia - etiology
Life Sciences
Linoleic Acids - metabolism
Liver - metabolism
Male
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic Syndrome - etiology
Metabolic Syndrome - metabolism
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Monounsaturated fatty acids
Plasmalogens
Plasmalogens - metabolism
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Retina
Retina - metabolism
Saturated fatty acids
Sensory Organs
Weight Gain - drug effects
title Impact of a high-fat diet on the fatty acid composition of the retina
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