Ancient hybridizations among the ancestral genomes of bread wheat

The allohexaploid bread wheat genome consists of three closely related subgenomes (A, B, and D), but a clear understanding of their phylogenetic history has been lacking. We used genome assemblies of bread wheat and five diploid relatives to analyze genome-wide samples of gene trees, as well as to e...

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Published in:Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2014-07, Vol.345 (6194), p.1250092-1250092
Main Authors: Marcussen, Thomas, Sandve, Simen R, Heier, Lise, Spannagl, Manuel, Pfeifer, Matthias, Jakobsen, Kjetill S, Wulff, Brande B H, Steuernagel, Burkhard, Mayer, Klaus F X, Olsen, Odd-Arne
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bread
Evolution, Molecular
Evolutionary
Foundations
Genes
Genes, Plant
Genetics
Genome, Plant
Genomes
Hybridization
Hybridization, Genetic
Life Sciences
Multilevel
Phylogeny
Plants genetics
Polyploidy
Speciation
Triticum - classification
Triticum - genetics
Triticum aestivum
Vegetal Biology
Wheat
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Summary:The allohexaploid bread wheat genome consists of three closely related subgenomes (A, B, and D), but a clear understanding of their phylogenetic history has been lacking. We used genome assemblies of bread wheat and five diploid relatives to analyze genome-wide samples of gene trees, as well as to estimate evolutionary relatedness and divergence times. We show that the A and B genomes diverged from a common ancestor ~7 million years ago and that these genomes gave rise to the D genome through homoploid hybrid speciation 1 to 2 million years later. Our findings imply that the present-day bread wheat genome is a product of multiple rounds of hybrid speciation (homoploid and polyploid) and lay the foundation for a new framework for understanding the wheat genome as a multilevel phylogenetic mosaic.
ISSN:0036-8075
1095-9203
DOI:10.1126/science.1250092