Loading…
Global Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Pasturelands and Rangelands: Magnitude, Spatiotemporal Patterns, and Attribution
The application of manure and mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer, and livestock excreta deposition are the main drivers of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in agricultural systems. However, the magnitude and spatiotemporal variations of N2O emissions due to different management practices (excreta depositi...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Global biogeochemical cycles 2019-02, Vol.33 (2), p.200-222 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Subjects: | |
| Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| cited_by | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a4012-3da79fd974ac1b3a0ad0fa4087c8e84f0f195c66292206108d1d35de6aef91503 |
|---|---|
| cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a4012-3da79fd974ac1b3a0ad0fa4087c8e84f0f195c66292206108d1d35de6aef91503 |
| container_end_page | 222 |
| container_issue | 2 |
| container_start_page | 200 |
| container_title | Global biogeochemical cycles |
| container_volume | 33 |
| creator | Dangal, Shree R. S. Tian, Hanqin Xu, Rongting Chang, Jinfeng Canadell, Josep G. Ciais, Philippe Pan, Shufen Yang, Jia Zhang, Bowen |
| description | The application of manure and mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer, and livestock excreta deposition are the main drivers of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in agricultural systems. However, the magnitude and spatiotemporal variations of N2O emissions due to different management practices (excreta deposition and manure/fertilizer application) from grassland ecosystems remain unclear. In this study, we used the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model to simulate the spatiotemporal variation in global N2O emissions and their attribution to different sources from both intensively managed (pasturelands) and extensively managed (rangelands) grasslands during 1961–2014. Over the study period, pasturelands and rangelands experienced a significant increase in N2O emissions from 1.74 Tg N2O‐N in 1961 to 3.11 Tg N2O‐N in 2014 (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1029/2018GB006091 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_hal_p</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_hal_primary_oai_HAL_hal_02899829v1</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2188534529</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-a4012-3da79fd974ac1b3a0ad0fa4087c8e84f0f195c66292206108d1d35de6aef91503</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kU1v2zAMhoVhBZZ1ve0HCNhpQNxSsuxIu6VB6wzI2qIfZ4GJ5E6FY2WS3I9_P2Uuhp56IUHy4QsSLyFfGRwz4OqEA5PNKUANin0gE6aEKBTn4iOZgJR1UfOy_kQ-x_gAwERVqQlJTefX2NELl4IfIr18dsbSs62L0fk-0vPgt_QKYxqC7bA3keZAr7G_H8sf9Bfe9y4Nxk7pzQ6T88ludz5kzStMyYY-Tv_tzFMKbj1koP9CDlrsoj16zYfk7vzsdrEsVpfNz8V8VaAAxovS4Ey1Rs0Ebti6READbR7J2UZaKVpomao2dc3zj1AzkIaZsjK2RtsqVkF5SL6Pur-x07vgthhetEenl_OV3veAS6UkV48ss99Gdhf8n8HGpB_8EPp8nuZMyqoUFVeZmo7UJvgYg23_yzLQew_0Ww8yzkf8yXX25V1WN6cLDlLw8i_p0odd</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2188534529</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Global Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Pasturelands and Rangelands: Magnitude, Spatiotemporal Patterns, and Attribution</title><source>Wiley-Blackwell AGU Digital Library</source><source>Wiley-Blackwell Read & Publish Collection</source><creator>Dangal, Shree R. S. ; Tian, Hanqin ; Xu, Rongting ; Chang, Jinfeng ; Canadell, Josep G. ; Ciais, Philippe ; Pan, Shufen ; Yang, Jia ; Zhang, Bowen</creator><creatorcontrib>Dangal, Shree R. S. ; Tian, Hanqin ; Xu, Rongting ; Chang, Jinfeng ; Canadell, Josep G. ; Ciais, Philippe ; Pan, Shufen ; Yang, Jia ; Zhang, Bowen</creatorcontrib><description>The application of manure and mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer, and livestock excreta deposition are the main drivers of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in agricultural systems. However, the magnitude and spatiotemporal variations of N2O emissions due to different management practices (excreta deposition and manure/fertilizer application) from grassland ecosystems remain unclear. In this study, we used the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model to simulate the spatiotemporal variation in global N2O emissions and their attribution to different sources from both intensively managed (pasturelands) and extensively managed (rangelands) grasslands during 1961–2014. Over the study period, pasturelands and rangelands experienced a significant increase in N2O emissions from 1.74 Tg N2O‐N in 1961 to 3.11 Tg N2O‐N in 2014 (p < 0.05). Globally, pasturelands and rangelands were responsible for 54% (2.2 Tg N2O‐N) of the total agricultural N2O emissions (4.1 Tg N2O‐N) in 2006. Natural and anthropogenic sources contributed 26% (0.64 Tg N2O‐N/year) and 74% (1.78 Tg N2O‐N/year) of the net emissions, respectively. Across different biomes, pasturelands (i.e., C3 and C4) were the single largest contributor to N2O fluxes, accounting for 86% of the net global emissions from grasslands. Among different sources, livestock excreta deposition contributed 54% of the net emissions, followed by manure N (13%) and mineral N (7%) application. Regionally, southern Asia contributed 38% of the total emissions, followed by Europe (29%) and North America (16%). Our modeling study demonstrates that livestock excreta deposition and manure/fertilizer application have dramatically altered the N cycle in pasturelands, with a substantial impact on the climate system.
Key Points
Natural and anthropogenic sources contributed 26% (0.64 Tg N2O‐N/year) and 74% (1.78 Tg N2O‐N/year) of the net N2O emissions, respectively
Pasturelands were the single largest contributor to N2O fluxes, accounting for 86% of the net N2O emissions (2.4 Tg N2O‐N/year)
Among different sources, livestock excreta N deposition was the largest source of N2O contributing to 54% of the net N2O emissions</description><identifier>ISSN: 0886-6236</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1944-9224</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1944-8224</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1029/2018GB006091</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Agricultural management ; Anthropogenic factors ; climate change ; Climate system ; Computer simulation ; Deposition ; ecosystem modeling ; Ecosystem models ; Ecosystems ; Emissions ; excreta deposition ; Farming systems ; Farmyard manure ; Fertilizer application ; Fertilizers ; Fluxes ; Grasslands ; Human influences ; Livestock ; manure/fertilizer application ; Manures ; Modelling ; Nitrogen ; Nitrous oxide ; Nitrous oxide emissions ; Ocean, Atmosphere ; Rangelands ; Sciences of the Universe ; Strategic management</subject><ispartof>Global biogeochemical cycles, 2019-02, Vol.33 (2), p.200-222</ispartof><rights>2019. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a4012-3da79fd974ac1b3a0ad0fa4087c8e84f0f195c66292206108d1d35de6aef91503</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a4012-3da79fd974ac1b3a0ad0fa4087c8e84f0f195c66292206108d1d35de6aef91503</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8370-0509 ; 0000-0001-7920-1427 ; 0000-0001-9529-8206 ; 0000-0001-7292-9271 ; 0000-0002-8788-3218 ; 0000-0003-4463-7778 ; 0000-0003-2019-9603 ; 0000-0002-1806-4091 ; 0000-0001-8560-4943</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029%2F2018GB006091$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029%2F2018GB006091$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,11513,27923,27924,46467,46891</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.science/hal-02899829$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Dangal, Shree R. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tian, Hanqin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Rongting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Jinfeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Canadell, Josep G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ciais, Philippe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pan, Shufen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Jia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Bowen</creatorcontrib><title>Global Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Pasturelands and Rangelands: Magnitude, Spatiotemporal Patterns, and Attribution</title><title>Global biogeochemical cycles</title><description>The application of manure and mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer, and livestock excreta deposition are the main drivers of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in agricultural systems. However, the magnitude and spatiotemporal variations of N2O emissions due to different management practices (excreta deposition and manure/fertilizer application) from grassland ecosystems remain unclear. In this study, we used the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model to simulate the spatiotemporal variation in global N2O emissions and their attribution to different sources from both intensively managed (pasturelands) and extensively managed (rangelands) grasslands during 1961–2014. Over the study period, pasturelands and rangelands experienced a significant increase in N2O emissions from 1.74 Tg N2O‐N in 1961 to 3.11 Tg N2O‐N in 2014 (p < 0.05). Globally, pasturelands and rangelands were responsible for 54% (2.2 Tg N2O‐N) of the total agricultural N2O emissions (4.1 Tg N2O‐N) in 2006. Natural and anthropogenic sources contributed 26% (0.64 Tg N2O‐N/year) and 74% (1.78 Tg N2O‐N/year) of the net emissions, respectively. Across different biomes, pasturelands (i.e., C3 and C4) were the single largest contributor to N2O fluxes, accounting for 86% of the net global emissions from grasslands. Among different sources, livestock excreta deposition contributed 54% of the net emissions, followed by manure N (13%) and mineral N (7%) application. Regionally, southern Asia contributed 38% of the total emissions, followed by Europe (29%) and North America (16%). Our modeling study demonstrates that livestock excreta deposition and manure/fertilizer application have dramatically altered the N cycle in pasturelands, with a substantial impact on the climate system.
Key Points
Natural and anthropogenic sources contributed 26% (0.64 Tg N2O‐N/year) and 74% (1.78 Tg N2O‐N/year) of the net N2O emissions, respectively
Pasturelands were the single largest contributor to N2O fluxes, accounting for 86% of the net N2O emissions (2.4 Tg N2O‐N/year)
Among different sources, livestock excreta N deposition was the largest source of N2O contributing to 54% of the net N2O emissions</description><subject>Agricultural management</subject><subject>Anthropogenic factors</subject><subject>climate change</subject><subject>Climate system</subject><subject>Computer simulation</subject><subject>Deposition</subject><subject>ecosystem modeling</subject><subject>Ecosystem models</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>excreta deposition</subject><subject>Farming systems</subject><subject>Farmyard manure</subject><subject>Fertilizer application</subject><subject>Fertilizers</subject><subject>Fluxes</subject><subject>Grasslands</subject><subject>Human influences</subject><subject>Livestock</subject><subject>manure/fertilizer application</subject><subject>Manures</subject><subject>Modelling</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Nitrous oxide</subject><subject>Nitrous oxide emissions</subject><subject>Ocean, Atmosphere</subject><subject>Rangelands</subject><subject>Sciences of the Universe</subject><subject>Strategic management</subject><issn>0886-6236</issn><issn>1944-9224</issn><issn>1944-8224</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kU1v2zAMhoVhBZZ1ve0HCNhpQNxSsuxIu6VB6wzI2qIfZ4GJ5E6FY2WS3I9_P2Uuhp56IUHy4QsSLyFfGRwz4OqEA5PNKUANin0gE6aEKBTn4iOZgJR1UfOy_kQ-x_gAwERVqQlJTefX2NELl4IfIr18dsbSs62L0fk-0vPgt_QKYxqC7bA3keZAr7G_H8sf9Bfe9y4Nxk7pzQ6T88ludz5kzStMyYY-Tv_tzFMKbj1koP9CDlrsoj16zYfk7vzsdrEsVpfNz8V8VaAAxovS4Ey1Rs0Ebti6READbR7J2UZaKVpomao2dc3zj1AzkIaZsjK2RtsqVkF5SL6Pur-x07vgthhetEenl_OV3veAS6UkV48ss99Gdhf8n8HGpB_8EPp8nuZMyqoUFVeZmo7UJvgYg23_yzLQew_0Ww8yzkf8yXX25V1WN6cLDlLw8i_p0odd</recordid><startdate>201902</startdate><enddate>201902</enddate><creator>Dangal, Shree R. S.</creator><creator>Tian, Hanqin</creator><creator>Xu, Rongting</creator><creator>Chang, Jinfeng</creator><creator>Canadell, Josep G.</creator><creator>Ciais, Philippe</creator><creator>Pan, Shufen</creator><creator>Yang, Jia</creator><creator>Zhang, Bowen</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>American Geophysical Union</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>1XC</scope><scope>VOOES</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8370-0509</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7920-1427</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9529-8206</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7292-9271</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-3218</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4463-7778</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2019-9603</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1806-4091</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-4943</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201902</creationdate><title>Global Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Pasturelands and Rangelands: Magnitude, Spatiotemporal Patterns, and Attribution</title><author>Dangal, Shree R. S. ; Tian, Hanqin ; Xu, Rongting ; Chang, Jinfeng ; Canadell, Josep G. ; Ciais, Philippe ; Pan, Shufen ; Yang, Jia ; Zhang, Bowen</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a4012-3da79fd974ac1b3a0ad0fa4087c8e84f0f195c66292206108d1d35de6aef91503</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Agricultural management</topic><topic>Anthropogenic factors</topic><topic>climate change</topic><topic>Climate system</topic><topic>Computer simulation</topic><topic>Deposition</topic><topic>ecosystem modeling</topic><topic>Ecosystem models</topic><topic>Ecosystems</topic><topic>Emissions</topic><topic>excreta deposition</topic><topic>Farming systems</topic><topic>Farmyard manure</topic><topic>Fertilizer application</topic><topic>Fertilizers</topic><topic>Fluxes</topic><topic>Grasslands</topic><topic>Human influences</topic><topic>Livestock</topic><topic>manure/fertilizer application</topic><topic>Manures</topic><topic>Modelling</topic><topic>Nitrogen</topic><topic>Nitrous oxide</topic><topic>Nitrous oxide emissions</topic><topic>Ocean, Atmosphere</topic><topic>Rangelands</topic><topic>Sciences of the Universe</topic><topic>Strategic management</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Dangal, Shree R. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tian, Hanqin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Rongting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Jinfeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Canadell, Josep G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ciais, Philippe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pan, Shufen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Jia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Bowen</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL) (Open Access)</collection><jtitle>Global biogeochemical cycles</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Dangal, Shree R. S.</au><au>Tian, Hanqin</au><au>Xu, Rongting</au><au>Chang, Jinfeng</au><au>Canadell, Josep G.</au><au>Ciais, Philippe</au><au>Pan, Shufen</au><au>Yang, Jia</au><au>Zhang, Bowen</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Global Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Pasturelands and Rangelands: Magnitude, Spatiotemporal Patterns, and Attribution</atitle><jtitle>Global biogeochemical cycles</jtitle><date>2019-02</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>33</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>200</spage><epage>222</epage><pages>200-222</pages><issn>0886-6236</issn><eissn>1944-9224</eissn><eissn>1944-8224</eissn><abstract>The application of manure and mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer, and livestock excreta deposition are the main drivers of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in agricultural systems. However, the magnitude and spatiotemporal variations of N2O emissions due to different management practices (excreta deposition and manure/fertilizer application) from grassland ecosystems remain unclear. In this study, we used the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model to simulate the spatiotemporal variation in global N2O emissions and their attribution to different sources from both intensively managed (pasturelands) and extensively managed (rangelands) grasslands during 1961–2014. Over the study period, pasturelands and rangelands experienced a significant increase in N2O emissions from 1.74 Tg N2O‐N in 1961 to 3.11 Tg N2O‐N in 2014 (p < 0.05). Globally, pasturelands and rangelands were responsible for 54% (2.2 Tg N2O‐N) of the total agricultural N2O emissions (4.1 Tg N2O‐N) in 2006. Natural and anthropogenic sources contributed 26% (0.64 Tg N2O‐N/year) and 74% (1.78 Tg N2O‐N/year) of the net emissions, respectively. Across different biomes, pasturelands (i.e., C3 and C4) were the single largest contributor to N2O fluxes, accounting for 86% of the net global emissions from grasslands. Among different sources, livestock excreta deposition contributed 54% of the net emissions, followed by manure N (13%) and mineral N (7%) application. Regionally, southern Asia contributed 38% of the total emissions, followed by Europe (29%) and North America (16%). Our modeling study demonstrates that livestock excreta deposition and manure/fertilizer application have dramatically altered the N cycle in pasturelands, with a substantial impact on the climate system.
Key Points
Natural and anthropogenic sources contributed 26% (0.64 Tg N2O‐N/year) and 74% (1.78 Tg N2O‐N/year) of the net N2O emissions, respectively
Pasturelands were the single largest contributor to N2O fluxes, accounting for 86% of the net N2O emissions (2.4 Tg N2O‐N/year)
Among different sources, livestock excreta N deposition was the largest source of N2O contributing to 54% of the net N2O emissions</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1029/2018GB006091</doi><tpages>23</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8370-0509</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7920-1427</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9529-8206</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7292-9271</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-3218</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4463-7778</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2019-9603</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1806-4091</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-4943</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0886-6236 |
| ispartof | Global biogeochemical cycles, 2019-02, Vol.33 (2), p.200-222 |
| issn | 0886-6236 1944-9224 1944-8224 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_hal_primary_oai_HAL_hal_02899829v1 |
| source | Wiley-Blackwell AGU Digital Library; Wiley-Blackwell Read & Publish Collection |
| subjects | Agricultural management Anthropogenic factors climate change Climate system Computer simulation Deposition ecosystem modeling Ecosystem models Ecosystems Emissions excreta deposition Farming systems Farmyard manure Fertilizer application Fertilizers Fluxes Grasslands Human influences Livestock manure/fertilizer application Manures Modelling Nitrogen Nitrous oxide Nitrous oxide emissions Ocean, Atmosphere Rangelands Sciences of the Universe Strategic management |
| title | Global Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Pasturelands and Rangelands: Magnitude, Spatiotemporal Patterns, and Attribution |
| url | http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-09T09%3A00%3A14IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_hal_p&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Global%20Nitrous%20Oxide%20Emissions%20From%20Pasturelands%20and%20Rangelands:%20Magnitude,%20Spatiotemporal%20Patterns,%20and%20Attribution&rft.jtitle=Global%20biogeochemical%20cycles&rft.au=Dangal,%20Shree%20R.%20S.&rft.date=2019-02&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=200&rft.epage=222&rft.pages=200-222&rft.issn=0886-6236&rft.eissn=1944-9224&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029/2018GB006091&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_hal_p%3E2188534529%3C/proquest_hal_p%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a4012-3da79fd974ac1b3a0ad0fa4087c8e84f0f195c66292206108d1d35de6aef91503%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2188534529&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true |