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Dermal and pulmonary absorption of ethanol from alcohol-based hand rub
Summary Background Ethanol intoxication of healthcare workers (HCWs) using alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs) in the workplace is a potentially serious issue. This study quantified the level of ethanol absorption among HCWs after hygienic hand disinfection. Methods Eighty-six HCWs from Nancy University...
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| Published in: | The Journal of hospital infection 2012-05, Vol.81 (1), p.31-35 |
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| container_title | The Journal of hospital infection |
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| creator | Ahmed-Lecheheb, D Cunat, L Hartemann, P Hautemanière, A |
| description | Summary Background Ethanol intoxication of healthcare workers (HCWs) using alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs) in the workplace is a potentially serious issue. This study quantified the level of ethanol absorption among HCWs after hygienic hand disinfection. Methods Eighty-six HCWs from Nancy University Hospital were tested before and after a 4-h shift. Participants used ABHR containing 70% ethanol. Levels of ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate in blood and urine were determined using gas chromatography. A breathalyzer was used to measure the level of ethanol in expired air. Results Ethanol [mean concentration 0.076 (standard deviation 0.05) mg/L] was detected in the expired air of 28 HCWs 1–2 min post exposure. Ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate were undetectable in blood after a 4-h shift, and urine tests were negative in all participants. Conclusion Ethanol exposure from ABHR, particularly inhalation of vapours, resulted in positive breathalyzer readings 1–2 min after exposure. Dermal absorption of ethanol was not detected. Pulmonary absorption was detected but was below toxic levels. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jhin.2012.02.006 |
| format | article |
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This study quantified the level of ethanol absorption among HCWs after hygienic hand disinfection. Methods Eighty-six HCWs from Nancy University Hospital were tested before and after a 4-h shift. Participants used ABHR containing 70% ethanol. Levels of ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate in blood and urine were determined using gas chromatography. A breathalyzer was used to measure the level of ethanol in expired air. Results Ethanol [mean concentration 0.076 (standard deviation 0.05) mg/L] was detected in the expired air of 28 HCWs 1–2 min post exposure. Ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate were undetectable in blood after a 4-h shift, and urine tests were negative in all participants. Conclusion Ethanol exposure from ABHR, particularly inhalation of vapours, resulted in positive breathalyzer readings 1–2 min after exposure. Dermal absorption of ethanol was not detected. Pulmonary absorption was detected but was below toxic levels.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0195-6701</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-2939</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2012.02.006</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22445089</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Acetaldehyde - blood ; Acetaldehyde - urine ; Acetic Acid - blood ; Acetic Acid - urine ; Adolescent ; Adsorption ; Adult ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood Chemical Analysis ; Breath Tests ; Chromatography, Gas ; Dermal absorption ; Disinfectants - administration & dosage ; Disinfectants - adverse effects ; Disinfectants - blood ; Disinfectants - urine ; Ethanol ; Ethanol - administration & dosage ; Ethanol - adverse effects ; Ethanol - blood ; Ethanol - urine ; Female ; Hand Disinfection - methods ; Humans ; Infectious Disease ; Infectious diseases ; Inhalation ; Life Sciences ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary absorption ; Toxicology ; Urine - chemistry ; Workstation ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>The Journal of hospital infection, 2012-05, Vol.81 (1), p.31-35</ispartof><rights>The Healthcare Infection Society</rights><rights>2012 The Healthcare Infection Society</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2012 The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c508t-d32d3d51bdf32f9c64006b1b78c969c388e4b7db71d69f25601815de90ac89473</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c508t-d32d3d51bdf32f9c64006b1b78c969c388e4b7db71d69f25601815de90ac89473</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=25877772$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22445089$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.science/hal-02906231$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ahmed-Lecheheb, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cunat, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hartemann, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hautemanière, A</creatorcontrib><title>Dermal and pulmonary absorption of ethanol from alcohol-based hand rub</title><title>The Journal of hospital infection</title><addtitle>J Hosp Infect</addtitle><description>Summary Background Ethanol intoxication of healthcare workers (HCWs) using alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs) in the workplace is a potentially serious issue. This study quantified the level of ethanol absorption among HCWs after hygienic hand disinfection. Methods Eighty-six HCWs from Nancy University Hospital were tested before and after a 4-h shift. Participants used ABHR containing 70% ethanol. Levels of ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate in blood and urine were determined using gas chromatography. A breathalyzer was used to measure the level of ethanol in expired air. Results Ethanol [mean concentration 0.076 (standard deviation 0.05) mg/L] was detected in the expired air of 28 HCWs 1–2 min post exposure. Ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate were undetectable in blood after a 4-h shift, and urine tests were negative in all participants. Conclusion Ethanol exposure from ABHR, particularly inhalation of vapours, resulted in positive breathalyzer readings 1–2 min after exposure. Dermal absorption of ethanol was not detected. Pulmonary absorption was detected but was below toxic levels.</description><subject>Acetaldehyde - blood</subject><subject>Acetaldehyde - urine</subject><subject>Acetic Acid - blood</subject><subject>Acetic Acid - urine</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adsorption</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood Chemical Analysis</subject><subject>Breath Tests</subject><subject>Chromatography, Gas</subject><subject>Dermal absorption</subject><subject>Disinfectants - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Disinfectants - adverse effects</subject><subject>Disinfectants - blood</subject><subject>Disinfectants - urine</subject><subject>Ethanol</subject><subject>Ethanol - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Ethanol - adverse effects</subject><subject>Ethanol - blood</subject><subject>Ethanol - urine</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Hand Disinfection - methods</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infectious Disease</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Inhalation</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Pulmonary absorption</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><subject>Urine - chemistry</subject><subject>Workstation</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0195-6701</issn><issn>1532-2939</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kk-L1TAUxYMoznP0C7iQbgRd9JmkTdqACMPoOMIDF-o65F9papo8k3Zgvr23vOcILgyBwOV37j2cXIReErwnmPB3034afdxTTOgew8X8EdoR1tCaikY8RjtMBKt5h8kFelbKhDGGOnuKLihtW4Z7sUM3H12eVahUtNVxDXOKKt9XSpeUj4tPsUpD5ZZRxRSqIae5UsGkMYVaq-JsNW66vOrn6MmgQnEvzu8l-nHz6fv1bX34-vnL9dWhNjBuqW1DbWMZ0XZo6CAMb8G0JrrrjeDCNH3vWt1Z3RHLxUAZx6QnzDqBlelF2zWX6O2p76iCPGY_g1uZlJe3Vwe51TAVmNOG3BFg35zYY06_VlcWOftiXAgqurQWCRl2gm1dAaUn1ORUSnbDQ2-CN47LSW5Zyy1rmCHBNohenfuvenb2QfInXABenwFVjApDVtH48pdjfQeHAvf-xDlI7s67LIvxLhpnfXZmkTb5__v48I_cBB89TPzp7l2Z0poj_IkksoBAftu2YlsKQmEhOliJ37MAr4M</recordid><startdate>20120501</startdate><enddate>20120501</enddate><creator>Ahmed-Lecheheb, D</creator><creator>Cunat, L</creator><creator>Hartemann, P</creator><creator>Hautemanière, A</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><general>WB Saunders</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>1XC</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120501</creationdate><title>Dermal and pulmonary absorption of ethanol from alcohol-based hand rub</title><author>Ahmed-Lecheheb, D ; Cunat, L ; Hartemann, P ; Hautemanière, A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c508t-d32d3d51bdf32f9c64006b1b78c969c388e4b7db71d69f25601815de90ac89473</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Acetaldehyde - blood</topic><topic>Acetaldehyde - urine</topic><topic>Acetic Acid - blood</topic><topic>Acetic Acid - urine</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adsorption</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blood Chemical Analysis</topic><topic>Breath Tests</topic><topic>Chromatography, Gas</topic><topic>Dermal absorption</topic><topic>Disinfectants - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Disinfectants - adverse effects</topic><topic>Disinfectants - blood</topic><topic>Disinfectants - urine</topic><topic>Ethanol</topic><topic>Ethanol - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Ethanol - adverse effects</topic><topic>Ethanol - blood</topic><topic>Ethanol - urine</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Hand Disinfection - methods</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infectious Disease</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Inhalation</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Pulmonary absorption</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><topic>Urine - chemistry</topic><topic>Workstation</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ahmed-Lecheheb, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cunat, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hartemann, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hautemanière, A</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><jtitle>The Journal of hospital infection</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ahmed-Lecheheb, D</au><au>Cunat, L</au><au>Hartemann, P</au><au>Hautemanière, A</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Dermal and pulmonary absorption of ethanol from alcohol-based hand rub</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of hospital infection</jtitle><addtitle>J Hosp Infect</addtitle><date>2012-05-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>81</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>31</spage><epage>35</epage><pages>31-35</pages><issn>0195-6701</issn><eissn>1532-2939</eissn><abstract>Summary Background Ethanol intoxication of healthcare workers (HCWs) using alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs) in the workplace is a potentially serious issue. This study quantified the level of ethanol absorption among HCWs after hygienic hand disinfection. Methods Eighty-six HCWs from Nancy University Hospital were tested before and after a 4-h shift. Participants used ABHR containing 70% ethanol. Levels of ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate in blood and urine were determined using gas chromatography. A breathalyzer was used to measure the level of ethanol in expired air. Results Ethanol [mean concentration 0.076 (standard deviation 0.05) mg/L] was detected in the expired air of 28 HCWs 1–2 min post exposure. Ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate were undetectable in blood after a 4-h shift, and urine tests were negative in all participants. Conclusion Ethanol exposure from ABHR, particularly inhalation of vapours, resulted in positive breathalyzer readings 1–2 min after exposure. Dermal absorption of ethanol was not detected. Pulmonary absorption was detected but was below toxic levels.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>22445089</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jhin.2012.02.006</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acetaldehyde - blood Acetaldehyde - urine Acetic Acid - blood Acetic Acid - urine Adolescent Adsorption Adult Biological and medical sciences Blood Chemical Analysis Breath Tests Chromatography, Gas Dermal absorption Disinfectants - administration & dosage Disinfectants - adverse effects Disinfectants - blood Disinfectants - urine Ethanol Ethanol - administration & dosage Ethanol - adverse effects Ethanol - blood Ethanol - urine Female Hand Disinfection - methods Humans Infectious Disease Infectious diseases Inhalation Life Sciences Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Pulmonary absorption Toxicology Urine - chemistry Workstation Young Adult |
| title | Dermal and pulmonary absorption of ethanol from alcohol-based hand rub |
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