Contrasting patterns of tree species mixture effects on wood δ13C along an environmental gradient

• Published in: European journal of forest research 2020-04, Vol.139 (2), p.229-245
• Main Authors: de Streel, G., Collet, C., Barbeito, I., Bielak, K., Bravo-Oviedo, A., Brazaitis, G., Coll, L., Drössler, L., Forrester, D., Heym, M., Löf, M., Pach, M., Pretzsch, H., Ruiz-Peinado, R., Skrzyszewski, J., Stankevičiūtė, J., Svoboda, M., Verheyen, K., Zlatanov, T., Bonal, D., Ponette, Q.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Beech; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Drought; Environmental conditions; Environmental gradient; Environmental Sciences; Forestry; Life Sciences; Original Paper; Pine; Pine trees; Plant Ecology; Plant Sciences; Plant species; Species; Temporal variations; Tree rings; Water availability; Water scarcity; Water shortages; Water supply
• ISSN: 1612-4669; 1612-4677
• DOI: 10.1007/s10342-019-01224-z

Establishing mixed-species stands is frequently proposed as a strategy to adapt forests to the increasing risk of water scarcity, yet contrasted results have been reported regarding mixing effects on tree drought exposure. To investigate the drivers behind the spatial and temporal variation in water-related mixing effects, we analysed the δ 13 C variation in 22-year tree ring chronologies for beech and pine trees sampled from 17 pure and mixed pine–beech stands across a large gradient of environmental conditions throughout Europe. In the pure stands, average δ 13 C values were lower for beech (−27.9‰ to −22.2‰) than for pine (−26.0‰ to −21.1‰), irrespective of site conditions. Decreasing SPEI values (calculated over June to September) were associated with an increase in δ 13 C for both species, but their effect was influenced by stand basal area for pine and site water availability for beech. Mixing did not change the temporal constancy of δ 13 C nor the tree reaction to a drought event, for any of the species. While the mixing effect (Δ δ 13 C = δ 13 C pure stands − δ 13 C mixed stands) was on average positive for beech and non-significant for pine across the whole gradient, this effect strongly differed between sites. For both species, mixing was not significant at extremely dry sites and positive at dry sites; on moderately wet sites, mixing was positive for beech and negative for pine; at sites with permanent water supply, no general patterns emerge for any of the species. The pattern of mixing effect along the gradient of water availability was not linear but showed threshold points, highlighting the need to investigate such relation for other combinations of tree species.