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An autonomous plant growing miniaturized incubator for a Cubesat
We developed a 2U incubator and used it to grow the legume Medicago truncatula autonomously. This prototype was designed to become a payload in a 3U Cubesat nanosatellite; it therefore weighs only 1.2 kg and has a total consumption of less than 4 Watt. The incubator is equipped with many sensors to...
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Published in: | Acta astronautica 2021-02, Vol.179, p.439-449 |
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description | We developed a 2U incubator and used it to grow the legume Medicago truncatula autonomously. This prototype was designed to become a payload in a 3U Cubesat nanosatellite; it therefore weighs only 1.2 kg and has a total consumption of less than 4 Watt. The incubator is equipped with many sensors to monitor its environment such as gas, humidity and heat sensors. It also contains actuators to modify the environment such as a flexible heater and a TiO2-based ethylene photocatalyst to remove plants ethylene production. The objectives are first to determine good growth conditions in this limited volume device and to allow better prototyping of a 2U incubator experiment. Second, to build a prediction model based on measurements of plants functional traits. Therefore, first we carried out a design of experiments to perform the germination and growth of M. truncatula at temperatures of 22 °C and 29 °C, under CO2 concentrations of 380 ppm and 10000 ppm and with two photoperiod regimes 16h/8h and 20h/4h. This gives a total of 8 experimental conditions tested in large climatic chambers during a 30-day period. The 2U experiment was performed at 26 °C, 380 ppm CO2 and with a 20h/4h photoperiod. This experiment lasted 62 days before being stopped to find that 2 large plants had grown for almost 52 days. Secondly, by using a principal components analysis, we observed that most of the plants functional traits variables explained the variability on the first principal component, with the exception of the surface area of the small leaves and the quantity of small leaves which explained the variability on the second principal component. The quantity of big leaves, which is an easily measurable variable with a camera, was very strongly correlated with the first principal component. These 3 variables and 2 others were included in the model equations used to predict the values of visible and hidden plants functional traits. This model has been successfully tested on the 2U incubator experiment allowing precise determination of fresh weight biomass under 20% error. The determination of the fresh weight of the roots, the fresh weight of the shoots, the amount of big and small leaves, the total amount of leaves, the surface area of big leaves and small leaves and the total surface area of the leaves was carried out.
•Autonomous growing of leguminous plants in a 2U incubator payload for a CubeSat.•Monitoring of Medicago truncatula germination and growth into a 2U incubator.•Concept |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.11.009 |
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•Autonomous growing of leguminous plants in a 2U incubator payload for a CubeSat.•Monitoring of Medicago truncatula germination and growth into a 2U incubator.•Conception of a 2U incubator designed for a 3U CubeSat nanosatellite.•Model to predict plant functional traits will be used in 3U CubeSat nanosatellite.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0094-5765</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-2030</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.11.009</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Elmsford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Actuators ; Alfalfa ; Astrophysics ; Autonomous incubator ; Biotechnology ; Carbon dioxide ; Carbon dioxide concentration ; Cubesat ; Design of experiments ; Ethylene ; Germination ; Growth conditions ; Leaves ; Legumes ; Life Sciences ; Life support system ; Medicago truncatula ; Nanosatellites ; Plant functional traits ; Prediction model ; Prediction models ; Principal components analysis ; Prototyping ; Sciences of the Universe ; Sensors ; Shoots ; Surface area ; Test chambers ; Titanium dioxide ; Variability ; Weight</subject><ispartof>Acta astronautica, 2021-02, Vol.179, p.439-449</ispartof><rights>2020 IAA</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV Feb 2021</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c426t-a7b261eb229bc1d6d6ccee07d75b4d19776a9d356116268c62cb8d25f721c8433</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c426t-a7b261eb229bc1d6d6ccee07d75b4d19776a9d356116268c62cb8d25f721c8433</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0875-7265 ; 0000-0002-2076-058X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.science/hal-03026031$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Trouillefou, Christophe Marcel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Law-Kam Cio, Yann-Seing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jolicoeur, Mario</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Said, Bilel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Galarneau, Anne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Achiche, Sofiane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beltrame, Giovanni</creatorcontrib><title>An autonomous plant growing miniaturized incubator for a Cubesat</title><title>Acta astronautica</title><description>We developed a 2U incubator and used it to grow the legume Medicago truncatula autonomously. This prototype was designed to become a payload in a 3U Cubesat nanosatellite; it therefore weighs only 1.2 kg and has a total consumption of less than 4 Watt. The incubator is equipped with many sensors to monitor its environment such as gas, humidity and heat sensors. It also contains actuators to modify the environment such as a flexible heater and a TiO2-based ethylene photocatalyst to remove plants ethylene production. The objectives are first to determine good growth conditions in this limited volume device and to allow better prototyping of a 2U incubator experiment. Second, to build a prediction model based on measurements of plants functional traits. Therefore, first we carried out a design of experiments to perform the germination and growth of M. truncatula at temperatures of 22 °C and 29 °C, under CO2 concentrations of 380 ppm and 10000 ppm and with two photoperiod regimes 16h/8h and 20h/4h. This gives a total of 8 experimental conditions tested in large climatic chambers during a 30-day period. The 2U experiment was performed at 26 °C, 380 ppm CO2 and with a 20h/4h photoperiod. This experiment lasted 62 days before being stopped to find that 2 large plants had grown for almost 52 days. Secondly, by using a principal components analysis, we observed that most of the plants functional traits variables explained the variability on the first principal component, with the exception of the surface area of the small leaves and the quantity of small leaves which explained the variability on the second principal component. The quantity of big leaves, which is an easily measurable variable with a camera, was very strongly correlated with the first principal component. These 3 variables and 2 others were included in the model equations used to predict the values of visible and hidden plants functional traits. This model has been successfully tested on the 2U incubator experiment allowing precise determination of fresh weight biomass under 20% error. The determination of the fresh weight of the roots, the fresh weight of the shoots, the amount of big and small leaves, the total amount of leaves, the surface area of big leaves and small leaves and the total surface area of the leaves was carried out.
•Autonomous growing of leguminous plants in a 2U incubator payload for a CubeSat.•Monitoring of Medicago truncatula germination and growth into a 2U incubator.•Conception of a 2U incubator designed for a 3U CubeSat nanosatellite.•Model to predict plant functional traits will be used in 3U CubeSat nanosatellite.</description><subject>Actuators</subject><subject>Alfalfa</subject><subject>Astrophysics</subject><subject>Autonomous incubator</subject><subject>Biotechnology</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide concentration</subject><subject>Cubesat</subject><subject>Design of experiments</subject><subject>Ethylene</subject><subject>Germination</subject><subject>Growth conditions</subject><subject>Leaves</subject><subject>Legumes</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Life support system</subject><subject>Medicago truncatula</subject><subject>Nanosatellites</subject><subject>Plant functional traits</subject><subject>Prediction model</subject><subject>Prediction models</subject><subject>Principal components analysis</subject><subject>Prototyping</subject><subject>Sciences of the Universe</subject><subject>Sensors</subject><subject>Shoots</subject><subject>Surface area</subject><subject>Test chambers</subject><subject>Titanium dioxide</subject><subject>Variability</subject><subject>Weight</subject><issn>0094-5765</issn><issn>1879-2030</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkE9LxDAQxYMouP75DBY8eWhNpm3S3iyLusKCFz2HNEnXlN1mTdIV_fSmVPbqYRh4vHnM-yF0Q3BGMKH3fSZkEMIHZzPAEFWSYVyfoAWpWJ0CzvEpWkSlSEtGy3N04X2PMWZQ1Qv00AyJGIMd7M6OPtlvxRCSjbNfZtgkOzMYEUZnfrRKzCDHVgTrki6OSJZjq70IV-isE1uvr__2JXp_enxbrtL16_PLslmnsgAaUsFaoES3AHUriaKKSqk1ZoqVbaFIzRgVtcpLSggFWkkKsq0UlB0DIqsizy_R3Zz7IbZ878xOuG9uheGrZs0nLfYEinNyINF7O3v3zn6O2gfe29EN8T0ORVVBwWqYEtnsks5673R3jCWYT2h5z49o-YSWE8IjyHjZzJc6Fj4Y7biXRg9SK-O0DFxZ82_GLxfDhT0</recordid><startdate>20210201</startdate><enddate>20210201</enddate><creator>Trouillefou, Christophe Marcel</creator><creator>Law-Kam Cio, Yann-Seing</creator><creator>Jolicoeur, Mario</creator><creator>Said, Bilel</creator><creator>Galarneau, Anne</creator><creator>Achiche, Sofiane</creator><creator>Beltrame, Giovanni</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>1XC</scope><scope>VOOES</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0875-7265</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2076-058X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210201</creationdate><title>An autonomous plant growing miniaturized incubator for a Cubesat</title><author>Trouillefou, Christophe Marcel ; Law-Kam Cio, Yann-Seing ; Jolicoeur, Mario ; Said, Bilel ; Galarneau, Anne ; Achiche, Sofiane ; Beltrame, Giovanni</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c426t-a7b261eb229bc1d6d6ccee07d75b4d19776a9d356116268c62cb8d25f721c8433</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Actuators</topic><topic>Alfalfa</topic><topic>Astrophysics</topic><topic>Autonomous incubator</topic><topic>Biotechnology</topic><topic>Carbon dioxide</topic><topic>Carbon dioxide concentration</topic><topic>Cubesat</topic><topic>Design of experiments</topic><topic>Ethylene</topic><topic>Germination</topic><topic>Growth conditions</topic><topic>Leaves</topic><topic>Legumes</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Life support system</topic><topic>Medicago truncatula</topic><topic>Nanosatellites</topic><topic>Plant functional traits</topic><topic>Prediction model</topic><topic>Prediction models</topic><topic>Principal components analysis</topic><topic>Prototyping</topic><topic>Sciences of the Universe</topic><topic>Sensors</topic><topic>Shoots</topic><topic>Surface area</topic><topic>Test chambers</topic><topic>Titanium dioxide</topic><topic>Variability</topic><topic>Weight</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Trouillefou, Christophe Marcel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Law-Kam Cio, Yann-Seing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jolicoeur, Mario</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Said, Bilel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Galarneau, Anne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Achiche, Sofiane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beltrame, Giovanni</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL) (Open Access)</collection><jtitle>Acta astronautica</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Trouillefou, Christophe Marcel</au><au>Law-Kam Cio, Yann-Seing</au><au>Jolicoeur, Mario</au><au>Said, Bilel</au><au>Galarneau, Anne</au><au>Achiche, Sofiane</au><au>Beltrame, Giovanni</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>An autonomous plant growing miniaturized incubator for a Cubesat</atitle><jtitle>Acta astronautica</jtitle><date>2021-02-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>179</volume><spage>439</spage><epage>449</epage><pages>439-449</pages><issn>0094-5765</issn><eissn>1879-2030</eissn><abstract>We developed a 2U incubator and used it to grow the legume Medicago truncatula autonomously. This prototype was designed to become a payload in a 3U Cubesat nanosatellite; it therefore weighs only 1.2 kg and has a total consumption of less than 4 Watt. The incubator is equipped with many sensors to monitor its environment such as gas, humidity and heat sensors. It also contains actuators to modify the environment such as a flexible heater and a TiO2-based ethylene photocatalyst to remove plants ethylene production. The objectives are first to determine good growth conditions in this limited volume device and to allow better prototyping of a 2U incubator experiment. Second, to build a prediction model based on measurements of plants functional traits. Therefore, first we carried out a design of experiments to perform the germination and growth of M. truncatula at temperatures of 22 °C and 29 °C, under CO2 concentrations of 380 ppm and 10000 ppm and with two photoperiod regimes 16h/8h and 20h/4h. This gives a total of 8 experimental conditions tested in large climatic chambers during a 30-day period. The 2U experiment was performed at 26 °C, 380 ppm CO2 and with a 20h/4h photoperiod. This experiment lasted 62 days before being stopped to find that 2 large plants had grown for almost 52 days. Secondly, by using a principal components analysis, we observed that most of the plants functional traits variables explained the variability on the first principal component, with the exception of the surface area of the small leaves and the quantity of small leaves which explained the variability on the second principal component. The quantity of big leaves, which is an easily measurable variable with a camera, was very strongly correlated with the first principal component. These 3 variables and 2 others were included in the model equations used to predict the values of visible and hidden plants functional traits. This model has been successfully tested on the 2U incubator experiment allowing precise determination of fresh weight biomass under 20% error. The determination of the fresh weight of the roots, the fresh weight of the shoots, the amount of big and small leaves, the total amount of leaves, the surface area of big leaves and small leaves and the total surface area of the leaves was carried out.
•Autonomous growing of leguminous plants in a 2U incubator payload for a CubeSat.•Monitoring of Medicago truncatula germination and growth into a 2U incubator.•Conception of a 2U incubator designed for a 3U CubeSat nanosatellite.•Model to predict plant functional traits will be used in 3U CubeSat nanosatellite.</abstract><cop>Elmsford</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.11.009</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0875-7265</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2076-058X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Actuators Alfalfa Astrophysics Autonomous incubator Biotechnology Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide concentration Cubesat Design of experiments Ethylene Germination Growth conditions Leaves Legumes Life Sciences Life support system Medicago truncatula Nanosatellites Plant functional traits Prediction model Prediction models Principal components analysis Prototyping Sciences of the Universe Sensors Shoots Surface area Test chambers Titanium dioxide Variability Weight |
title | An autonomous plant growing miniaturized incubator for a Cubesat |
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