Comparison of imidacloprid, propiconazole, and nanopropiconazole effects on the development, behavior, and gene expression biomarkers of the Pacific oyster (Magallana gigas)

• Published in: The Science of the total environment 2021-04, Vol.764, p.142921, Article 142921
• Main Authors: Kuchovská, Eliška, Morin, Bénédicte, López-Cabeza, Rocío, Barré, Mathilde, Gouffier, Corentin, Bláhová, Lucie, Cachot, Jérôme, Bláha, Luděk, Gonzalez, Patrice
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Biomarkers; Crassostrea; Embryotoxicity; Environmental Sciences; France; Gene Expression; Larva; Neonicotinoids; Nitro Compounds; Pacific oyster; Pesticide; Sublethal effect; Swimming behavior; Triazoles; Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity
• ISSN: 0048-9697; 1879-1026
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142921

Coastal areas are final recipients of various contaminants including pesticides. The effects of pesticides on non-target organisms are often unclear, especially at environmentally relevant concentrations. This study investigated the impacts of insecticide imidacloprid (IMI) and fungicide propiconazole (PRO), some of the most detected pesticides in the Arcachon Bay in France. This work also included the research of propiconazole nanoformulation (nanoPRO). The effects were assessed studying the development of the early life stages of the Pacific oyster (Magallana gigas). Oyster embryos were exposed for 24, 30, and 42 h (depending on the endpoint) at 24 °C to environmentally relevant concentrations of the two pesticides as well as to nanoPRO. The research focused on sublethal endpoints such as the presence of developmental malformations, alterations of locomotion patterns, or changes in the gene expression levels. No developmental abnormalities were observed after exposure to environmental concentrations detected in the Arcachon Bay in recent years (maximal detected concentration of IMI and PRO were 174 ng/L and 29 ng/L, respectively). EC50 of PRO and nanoPRO were comparable, 2.93 ± 1.35 and 2.26 ± 1.36 mg/L, while EC50 of IMI exceeded 200 mg/L. IMI did not affect larval behavior. PRO affected larval movement trajectory and decreased average larvae swimming speed (2 μg/L), while nanoPRO increased the maximal larvae swimming speed (0.02 μg/L). PRO upregulated especially genes linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and detoxification. NanoPRO effects on gene expression were less pronounced - half of the genes were altered in comparison with PRO. IMI induced a strong dose-response impact on the genes linked to the detoxification, ROS production, cell cycle, and apoptosis regulation. In conclusion, our results suggest that current pesticide concentrations detected in the Arcachon Bay are safe for the Pacific oyster early development, but they might have a small direct effect via altered gene expressions, whose longer-term impacts cannot be ruled out. [Display omitted] •Pesticide toxicity on the early-life stages of Pacific oyster was studied.•Development, behavior, and gene expression impacts were assessed.•Imidacloprid caused major changes in the gene expression.•Propiconazole had similar developmental toxicity compared to its nanoformulation.•Studied pesticides' concentrations in Arcachon Bay are safe for larval development.