Standing and Transient Eddies in the Response of the Southern Ocean Meridional Overturning to the Southern Annular Mode

• Published in: Journal of climate 2012-10, Vol.25 (20), p.6958-6974
• Main Authors: Dufour, C. O., Le Sommer, J., Zika, J. D., Gehlen, M., Orr, J. C., Mathiot, P., Barnier, B.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Amplification; Anomalies; Antarctic Circumpolar Current; Antarctic Oscillation; Atmospheric circulation; Atmospherics; Climate change; Climatology; Dynamic response; Earth Sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Eddies; Eddy flux; Exact sciences and technology; External geophysics; Meridional overturning circulation; Meridional transport; Meteorology; Modeling; Ocean circulation; Ocean currents; Ocean models; Oceanography; Oceans; Parameterization; Radiation; Resolution; Salinity; Sciences of the Universe; Sea transportation; Sea water; Simulation; Simulations; Studies; Transport; Trends; Vortices; Wind; Winds
• ISSN: 0894-8755; 1520-0442
• DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00309.1

To refine the understanding of how the Southern Ocean responds to recent intensification of the southern annular mode (SAM), a regional oceanmodel at two eddy-permitting resolutions was forced with two synthetic interannual forcings. The first forcing corresponds to homogeneously intensified winds, while the second concerns their poleward intensification, consistent with positive phases of the SAM. Resulting wind-driven responses differ greatly between the nearly insensitive Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and the more sensitive meridional overturning circulation (MOC).As expected, eddies mitigate the response of the ACC and MOC to poleward-intensified winds. However, transient eddies do not necessarily play an increasing role in meridional transport with increasing resolution. As winds and resolution increase, meridional transport from standing eddies becomes more efficient at balancing wind-enhanced overturning. These results question the current paradigms on the role of eddies and present new challenges for eddy flux parameterization. Results also indicate that spatial patterns of wind anomalies are at least as important as the overall change in intensity in influencing the Southern Ocean’s dynamic response to wind events. Poleward-intensified wind anomalies from the positive trend in the SAM are far more efficient in accelerating the ACC than homogeneous wind anomalies.