Copper Content and Export in European Vineyard Soils Influenced by Climate and Soil Properties

Copper-based fungicides (Cuf) are used in European (EU) vineyards to prevent fungal diseases. Soil physicochemical properties locally govern the variation of the total copper content (Cut) in EU vineyards. However, variables controlling Cut distribution at a larger scale are poorly known. Here, mach...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science & technology 2021-06, Vol.55 (11), p.7327-7334
Main Authors: Droz, Boris, Payraudeau, Sylvain, Rodríguez Martín, José Antonio, Tóth, Gergely, Panagos, Panos, Montanarella, Luca, Borrelli, Pasquale, Imfeld, Gwenaël
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aridity
Climate effects
Contaminants in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments
Contamination
Copper
Environmental Sciences
Fungal diseases
Fungicides
Learning algorithms
Machine learning
Organic carbon
Organic soils
Pest control
Physicochemical properties
Sediment pollution
Soil contamination
Soil pollution
Soil properties
Soil water
Soils
Vineyards
Water pollution
Wineries & vineyards
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Summary:Copper-based fungicides (Cuf) are used in European (EU) vineyards to prevent fungal diseases. Soil physicochemical properties locally govern the variation of the total copper content (Cut) in EU vineyards. However, variables controlling Cut distribution at a larger scale are poorly known. Here, machine learning techniques were used to identify governing variables and to predict the Cut distribution in EU vineyards. Precipitation, aridity and soil organic carbon are key variables explaining together 45% of Cut distribution across EU vineyards. This underlines the effect of both climate and soil properties on Cut distribution. The average net export of Cu at the EU scale is 0.29 kg Cu ha–1, which is 2 orders of magnitude less than the net accumulation of Cu (24.8 kg Cu ha–1). Four scenarios of Cuf application were compared. The current EU regulation with a maximum of 4 kg Cu ha–1 year–1 may increase by 2% of the EU vineyard area, exceeding the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) in soil in the next 100 years. Overall, our results highlight the vineyard areas requiring specific remediation measures and strategies of Cuf use to manage a trade-off between pest control and soil and water contamination.
ISSN:0013-936X
1520-5851
DOI:10.1021/acs.est.0c02093