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P-limited bacteria but N and P co-limited phytoplankton in the Eastern Mediterranean—a microcosm experiment
An on-board microcosm experiment was set up to test the hypothesis that the observed lack of phytoplankton biomass increase response to a mesoscale in situ P-enrichment experiment in the P-limited Eastern Mediterranean (Krom et al., 2005a) was a consequence of co-limitation by P and N availability i...
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| Published in: | Deep-sea research. Part II, Topical studies in oceanography Topical studies in oceanography, 2005-01, Vol.52 (22), p.3011-3023 |
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| creator | Zohary, Tamar Herut, Barak Krom, Michael D. Fauzi C. Mantoura, R. Pitta, Paraskevi Psarra, Stella Rassoulzadegan, Ferreidoun Stambler, Noga Tanaka, Tsuneo Frede Thingstad, T. Malcolm S. Woodward, E. |
| description | An on-board microcosm experiment was set up to test the hypothesis that the observed lack of phytoplankton biomass increase response to a mesoscale in situ P-enrichment experiment in the P-limited Eastern Mediterranean (Krom et al., 2005a) was a consequence of co-limitation by P and N availability in this ultraoligotrophic environment. Six microcosms were filled with subsurface seawater (ambient DIN: 90–100
nM) taken from inside a P-enriched patch (IN), which in the absence of biological activity would have had ca. 22
nM of PO
4
−3. Another six microcosms were filled with unfertilized ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.08.011 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_hal_p</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_hal_primary_oai_HAL_hal_03494229v1</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0967064505002006</els_id><sourcerecordid>19964377</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c431t-a781c34c0bc179ade63b5c3b5f98516206ac94f35e4ed41ba60318e981e45b513</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kcFu1DAURS1EJYaWH2DlFRKLhOfYcWKJTVW1FGmALtq15ThvNB4SO9ieiu74CL6QL8HRoC5ZWE-yz73WfZeQtwxqBkx-ONRjik3dALQ19DUw9oJsWN-pChjAS7IBJbsKpGhfkdcpHQCAc6k2ZL6rJje7jCMdjM0YnaHDMdOv1PiR3lEbnt-X_VMOy2T89xw8dZ7mPdJrk4rI0y84FihG49H4P79-Gzo7G4MNaab4cym-M_p8Qc52Zkr45t88Jw831_dXt9X226fPV5fbygrOcmW6nlkuLAyWdcqMKPnQ2nJ2qm-ZbEAaq8SOtyhwFGwwEjjrUfUMRTu0jJ-T9yffvZn0Uv428UkH4_Tt5Vavd8CFEk2jHlf23YldYvhxxJT17JLFqQTFcEyaKSUF77oCNiew5Eop4u7ZmYFeW9AHvbag1xY09Lq0UEQfTyIscR8dRp2sQ2_LuiLarMfg_if_C80nkSg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>19964377</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>P-limited bacteria but N and P co-limited phytoplankton in the Eastern Mediterranean—a microcosm experiment</title><source>Elsevier</source><creator>Zohary, Tamar ; Herut, Barak ; Krom, Michael D. ; Fauzi C. Mantoura, R. ; Pitta, Paraskevi ; Psarra, Stella ; Rassoulzadegan, Ferreidoun ; Stambler, Noga ; Tanaka, Tsuneo ; Frede Thingstad, T. ; Malcolm S. Woodward, E.</creator><creatorcontrib>Zohary, Tamar ; Herut, Barak ; Krom, Michael D. ; Fauzi C. Mantoura, R. ; Pitta, Paraskevi ; Psarra, Stella ; Rassoulzadegan, Ferreidoun ; Stambler, Noga ; Tanaka, Tsuneo ; Frede Thingstad, T. ; Malcolm S. Woodward, E.</creatorcontrib><description>An on-board microcosm experiment was set up to test the hypothesis that the observed lack of phytoplankton biomass increase response to a mesoscale in situ P-enrichment experiment in the P-limited Eastern Mediterranean (Krom et al., 2005a) was a consequence of co-limitation by P and N availability in this ultraoligotrophic environment. Six microcosms were filled with subsurface seawater (ambient DIN: 90–100
nM) taken from inside a P-enriched patch (IN), which in the absence of biological activity would have had ca. 22
nM of PO
4
−3. Another six microcosms were filled with unfertilized (<2
nM PO
4
−3) subsurface seawater from outside the patch (OUT). The bottles were either supplemented with 1600
nM NH
4
+ or not, incubated on-deck and subsampled daily, or at the first and last (fourth) day of the experiment, for a suite of biological parameters. The addition of N to OUT water did not induce cell abundance increases in either the phototrophic or heterotrophic sides of the food chain, in line with previous assessments that the Eastern Mediterranean is not purely N-limited. The IN and OUT treatments, to which no NH
4
+ was added, mimicked the behavior of the in situ experiment, with an order of magnitude higher bacterial production of IN vs. OUT water, but no noticeable phytoplankton response. The addition of N to IN water, previously exposed to P, led to substantial responses of the entire microbial community, including 4 to 80-fold increases in chlorophyll, other pigments, bacterial activity, and the abundance of ciliates—relative to IN water to which N was not added. The ca. 10-fold increase in chlorophyll within 4 days was mostly due to a major increase in both abundance (×4) and fluorescence per cell (×17) of
Synechococcus, whereas
Prochlorococcus disappeared. These changes were accompanied by removal from the water of 570
nM of the added NH
4
+, equivalent to 570/22 or N
:
P ratio of 26
:
1, similar to the ratio measured for POM in the area. Possibly, non-Redfield ratios were maintained, still leaving by day 4 some 1100
nM of N that could not be used due to the lack of P. These results support our hypothesis that the lack of response of phytoplankton to the mesoscale P-enrichment was due to their concurrent N-starvation, i.e. N and P co-limitation. In contrast, bacteria could grow when only P was added, implying pure P-limitation. Thus, the heterotrophic and autotrophic components of the same aquatic community experienced different limitations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0967-0645</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-0100</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.08.011</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Ciliates ; Earth Sciences ; Eastern Mediterranean ; Heterotrophic bacteria ; Marine ; Oceanography ; P-limitation ; Prochlorococcus ; Sciences of the Universe ; Synechococcus</subject><ispartof>Deep-sea research. Part II, Topical studies in oceanography, 2005-01, Vol.52 (22), p.3011-3023</ispartof><rights>2005 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c431t-a781c34c0bc179ade63b5c3b5f98516206ac94f35e4ed41ba60318e981e45b513</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c431t-a781c34c0bc179ade63b5c3b5f98516206ac94f35e4ed41ba60318e981e45b513</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.science/hal-03494229$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zohary, Tamar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Herut, Barak</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krom, Michael D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fauzi C. Mantoura, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pitta, Paraskevi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Psarra, Stella</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rassoulzadegan, Ferreidoun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stambler, Noga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tanaka, Tsuneo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Frede Thingstad, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malcolm S. Woodward, E.</creatorcontrib><title>P-limited bacteria but N and P co-limited phytoplankton in the Eastern Mediterranean—a microcosm experiment</title><title>Deep-sea research. Part II, Topical studies in oceanography</title><description>An on-board microcosm experiment was set up to test the hypothesis that the observed lack of phytoplankton biomass increase response to a mesoscale in situ P-enrichment experiment in the P-limited Eastern Mediterranean (Krom et al., 2005a) was a consequence of co-limitation by P and N availability in this ultraoligotrophic environment. Six microcosms were filled with subsurface seawater (ambient DIN: 90–100
nM) taken from inside a P-enriched patch (IN), which in the absence of biological activity would have had ca. 22
nM of PO
4
−3. Another six microcosms were filled with unfertilized (<2
nM PO
4
−3) subsurface seawater from outside the patch (OUT). The bottles were either supplemented with 1600
nM NH
4
+ or not, incubated on-deck and subsampled daily, or at the first and last (fourth) day of the experiment, for a suite of biological parameters. The addition of N to OUT water did not induce cell abundance increases in either the phototrophic or heterotrophic sides of the food chain, in line with previous assessments that the Eastern Mediterranean is not purely N-limited. The IN and OUT treatments, to which no NH
4
+ was added, mimicked the behavior of the in situ experiment, with an order of magnitude higher bacterial production of IN vs. OUT water, but no noticeable phytoplankton response. The addition of N to IN water, previously exposed to P, led to substantial responses of the entire microbial community, including 4 to 80-fold increases in chlorophyll, other pigments, bacterial activity, and the abundance of ciliates—relative to IN water to which N was not added. The ca. 10-fold increase in chlorophyll within 4 days was mostly due to a major increase in both abundance (×4) and fluorescence per cell (×17) of
Synechococcus, whereas
Prochlorococcus disappeared. These changes were accompanied by removal from the water of 570
nM of the added NH
4
+, equivalent to 570/22 or N
:
P ratio of 26
:
1, similar to the ratio measured for POM in the area. Possibly, non-Redfield ratios were maintained, still leaving by day 4 some 1100
nM of N that could not be used due to the lack of P. These results support our hypothesis that the lack of response of phytoplankton to the mesoscale P-enrichment was due to their concurrent N-starvation, i.e. N and P co-limitation. In contrast, bacteria could grow when only P was added, implying pure P-limitation. Thus, the heterotrophic and autotrophic components of the same aquatic community experienced different limitations.</description><subject>Ciliates</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Eastern Mediterranean</subject><subject>Heterotrophic bacteria</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>Oceanography</subject><subject>P-limitation</subject><subject>Prochlorococcus</subject><subject>Sciences of the Universe</subject><subject>Synechococcus</subject><issn>0967-0645</issn><issn>1879-0100</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kcFu1DAURS1EJYaWH2DlFRKLhOfYcWKJTVW1FGmALtq15ThvNB4SO9ieiu74CL6QL8HRoC5ZWE-yz73WfZeQtwxqBkx-ONRjik3dALQ19DUw9oJsWN-pChjAS7IBJbsKpGhfkdcpHQCAc6k2ZL6rJje7jCMdjM0YnaHDMdOv1PiR3lEbnt-X_VMOy2T89xw8dZ7mPdJrk4rI0y84FihG49H4P79-Gzo7G4MNaab4cym-M_p8Qc52Zkr45t88Jw831_dXt9X226fPV5fbygrOcmW6nlkuLAyWdcqMKPnQ2nJ2qm-ZbEAaq8SOtyhwFGwwEjjrUfUMRTu0jJ-T9yffvZn0Uv428UkH4_Tt5Vavd8CFEk2jHlf23YldYvhxxJT17JLFqQTFcEyaKSUF77oCNiew5Eop4u7ZmYFeW9AHvbag1xY09Lq0UEQfTyIscR8dRp2sQ2_LuiLarMfg_if_C80nkSg</recordid><startdate>20050101</startdate><enddate>20050101</enddate><creator>Zohary, Tamar</creator><creator>Herut, Barak</creator><creator>Krom, Michael D.</creator><creator>Fauzi C. Mantoura, R.</creator><creator>Pitta, Paraskevi</creator><creator>Psarra, Stella</creator><creator>Rassoulzadegan, Ferreidoun</creator><creator>Stambler, Noga</creator><creator>Tanaka, Tsuneo</creator><creator>Frede Thingstad, T.</creator><creator>Malcolm S. Woodward, E.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>H99</scope><scope>L.F</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>1XC</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20050101</creationdate><title>P-limited bacteria but N and P co-limited phytoplankton in the Eastern Mediterranean—a microcosm experiment</title><author>Zohary, Tamar ; Herut, Barak ; Krom, Michael D. ; Fauzi C. Mantoura, R. ; Pitta, Paraskevi ; Psarra, Stella ; Rassoulzadegan, Ferreidoun ; Stambler, Noga ; Tanaka, Tsuneo ; Frede Thingstad, T. ; Malcolm S. Woodward, E.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c431t-a781c34c0bc179ade63b5c3b5f98516206ac94f35e4ed41ba60318e981e45b513</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Ciliates</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Eastern Mediterranean</topic><topic>Heterotrophic bacteria</topic><topic>Marine</topic><topic>Oceanography</topic><topic>P-limitation</topic><topic>Prochlorococcus</topic><topic>Sciences of the Universe</topic><topic>Synechococcus</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zohary, Tamar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Herut, Barak</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krom, Michael D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fauzi C. 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Woodward, E.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>ASFA: Marine Biotechnology Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Marine Biotechnology Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><jtitle>Deep-sea research. Part II, Topical studies in oceanography</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zohary, Tamar</au><au>Herut, Barak</au><au>Krom, Michael D.</au><au>Fauzi C. Mantoura, R.</au><au>Pitta, Paraskevi</au><au>Psarra, Stella</au><au>Rassoulzadegan, Ferreidoun</au><au>Stambler, Noga</au><au>Tanaka, Tsuneo</au><au>Frede Thingstad, T.</au><au>Malcolm S. Woodward, E.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>P-limited bacteria but N and P co-limited phytoplankton in the Eastern Mediterranean—a microcosm experiment</atitle><jtitle>Deep-sea research. Part II, Topical studies in oceanography</jtitle><date>2005-01-01</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>52</volume><issue>22</issue><spage>3011</spage><epage>3023</epage><pages>3011-3023</pages><issn>0967-0645</issn><eissn>1879-0100</eissn><abstract>An on-board microcosm experiment was set up to test the hypothesis that the observed lack of phytoplankton biomass increase response to a mesoscale in situ P-enrichment experiment in the P-limited Eastern Mediterranean (Krom et al., 2005a) was a consequence of co-limitation by P and N availability in this ultraoligotrophic environment. Six microcosms were filled with subsurface seawater (ambient DIN: 90–100
nM) taken from inside a P-enriched patch (IN), which in the absence of biological activity would have had ca. 22
nM of PO
4
−3. Another six microcosms were filled with unfertilized (<2
nM PO
4
−3) subsurface seawater from outside the patch (OUT). The bottles were either supplemented with 1600
nM NH
4
+ or not, incubated on-deck and subsampled daily, or at the first and last (fourth) day of the experiment, for a suite of biological parameters. The addition of N to OUT water did not induce cell abundance increases in either the phototrophic or heterotrophic sides of the food chain, in line with previous assessments that the Eastern Mediterranean is not purely N-limited. The IN and OUT treatments, to which no NH
4
+ was added, mimicked the behavior of the in situ experiment, with an order of magnitude higher bacterial production of IN vs. OUT water, but no noticeable phytoplankton response. The addition of N to IN water, previously exposed to P, led to substantial responses of the entire microbial community, including 4 to 80-fold increases in chlorophyll, other pigments, bacterial activity, and the abundance of ciliates—relative to IN water to which N was not added. The ca. 10-fold increase in chlorophyll within 4 days was mostly due to a major increase in both abundance (×4) and fluorescence per cell (×17) of
Synechococcus, whereas
Prochlorococcus disappeared. These changes were accompanied by removal from the water of 570
nM of the added NH
4
+, equivalent to 570/22 or N
:
P ratio of 26
:
1, similar to the ratio measured for POM in the area. Possibly, non-Redfield ratios were maintained, still leaving by day 4 some 1100
nM of N that could not be used due to the lack of P. These results support our hypothesis that the lack of response of phytoplankton to the mesoscale P-enrichment was due to their concurrent N-starvation, i.e. N and P co-limitation. In contrast, bacteria could grow when only P was added, implying pure P-limitation. Thus, the heterotrophic and autotrophic components of the same aquatic community experienced different limitations.</abstract><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.08.011</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Deep-sea research. Part II, Topical studies in oceanography, 2005-01, Vol.52 (22), p.3011-3023 |
| issn | 0967-0645 1879-0100 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_hal_primary_oai_HAL_hal_03494229v1 |
| source | Elsevier |
| subjects | Ciliates Earth Sciences Eastern Mediterranean Heterotrophic bacteria Marine Oceanography P-limitation Prochlorococcus Sciences of the Universe Synechococcus |
| title | P-limited bacteria but N and P co-limited phytoplankton in the Eastern Mediterranean—a microcosm experiment |
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