Landscape and bioclimatic diversity of milk protein variability in tropical goats

• Published in: Small ruminant research 2022-02, Vol.207, p.106614, Article 106614
• Main Authors: Verma, Mahima, Laloe, Denis, Dige, Mahesh Shivanand, De, Sachinandan, Rout, Pramod Kumar
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animal genetics; Bioclimatic variability; Genetics; Geography; Goat; ICA; Life Sciences; Milk protein diversity; RDA
• ISSN: 0921-4488; 1879-0941; 0921-4488
• DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106614

•The relationship between geographical coordinates, climatic variables, milk composition traits and milk-protein genotypes in 17 breeds/genotypes of different agro-climatic zones was analyzed.•The lowest coefficient of inbreeding was found at the BLG locus (-0.25) and highest at CSN1S2 locus (0.74).•Haplotype A-A-A-A and B-A-A-A were observed to exhibit highest frequency in all the population indicating the evolutionary significance.•The latitude effect was significant (P < 0.05) on milk protein diversity. Bioclimatic variables Temp_seas and Temp_iso were significantly associated with diversity.•This study provides useful indication for the selection of the animals based on adaptive and functional diversity in milk protein complex. Goat breeds have been evolved in different environments to fulfill the requirements of local communities. The present study was carried out to analyse the relationship between geography, climate, milk composition variables and milk-protein genotypes in 17 breeds/genotypes of different agro-climatic conditions. A total of 18 different alleles were observed in all the analyzed populations/genetic groups. Haplotype A-A-A-A and B-A-A-A had the highest frequency in all the analysed breeds indicating the evolutionary significance of milk protein. Internal Correspondence Analysis (ICA) /Redundancy Analysis (RDA) was performed modeling the genetic diversity of breeds with geographical coordinates and bioclimatic variables. The results indicated that the latitude effect was significant (P < 0.05) on milk protein diversity. Bioclimatic variables temperature seasonality (Temp_seas) and isothermality (Temp_iso) were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with milk protein diversity. The effect of breed on milk composition traits was highly significant (P = 0.001) with an inertia ratio equal to 25 %. The effect of breed on the milk composition was equal to 25.5 %, while the influence of genotypes varies between 0.09 % (CSN3) and 2.1 % (CSN1S1). CSN1S1, CSN2 and LALBA had significant effect on milk composition traits. This study provides the insight for the selection of the animals based on adaptive and functional diversity in milk protein complex.