Sulfated Galactans from Gracilaria fisheri with Supplementation of Octanoyl Promote Wound Healing Activity In Vitro and In Vivo

• Published in: Macromolecular bioscience 2022-12, Vol.22 (12), p.e2200172-n/a
• Main Authors: Rudtanatip, Tawut, Somintara, Somsuda, Sakaew, Waraporn, El‐Abid, Jamal, Cano, Maria Emilia, Jongsomchai, Kamonwan, Wongprasert, Kanokpan, Kovensky, José
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Actin; Animals; Cell proliferation; Collagen; Dietary Supplements; excision rat; Fatty acids; fibroblast culture; Fibroblasts; Fibroblasts - physiology; Galactans; Galactans - chemistry; Gracilaria; Gracilaria - chemistry; healing mechanism; Life Sciences; mRNA; Muscles; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; octanoyl‐sulfated galactans; Rats; Sulfates - pharmacology; Supplements; Tumor necrosis factor; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Vimentin; Western blotting; Wound healing; Wound Healing - physiology
• ISSN: 1616-5187; 1616-5195
• DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200172

Sulfated galactans (SG) isolated from Gracilaria fisheri is partially degraded (DSG), and subsequentially supplemented with octanoyl (DSGO) and sulfate (DSGS) groups. The molecular weights of DSG, DSGO, and DSGS are 7.87, 152.79, and 97.07 kDa, respectively. The modification is confirmed using FTIR and NMR, while in vitro wound healing activity is assessed using scratched wound fibroblasts. The results reveal that DSGO exhibits highest percentage of wound closure in scratched fibroblast L929 cells. Furthermore, DSGO is able to promote proliferation and accelerate migration of scratched fibroblasts, which correspond to the regulation of proteins and mRNA (Ki67, p‐FAK, vimentin, and E‐cadherin) determined by Western blotting and qPCR analysis. The superior wound healing activity of DSGO is also confirmed in excision wound of rats. The results demonstrate that DSGO significantly enhances the percentage of wound closure, re‐epithelialization, and collagen arrangement, increases α‐smoth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and vimentin expression, and decreases that of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) at the wound site. The results suggest that degraded SG supplemented with medium‐chain fatty acids of octanoyl group may pass through the membrane, subsequently activating the mediators associated with proliferation and migration of fibroblasts, which can potentially lead to the promotion of wound healing activity. Gracilaria fisheri sulfated galactans are degraded, supplemented with octanoyl and sulfate groups, and characterized by GPC, FTIR and NMR. Octanoyl sulfated galactans show superior wound healing activity both in fibroblasts culture and in rats. The possible wound healing mechanism of octanoyl sulfated galactans is through the regulation of proteins and mRNA associated with proliferation and migration of fibroblasts.