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The neurobehavioral effects of the designer drug naphyrone – an experimental investigation with pharmacokinetics and concentration/effect relationship in mice
Rationale The recreational use of naphyrone, a potent synthetic cathinone with a pyrovalerone structure, has raised questions about possible deleterious neurobehavioral consequences. Objective To investigate naphyrone-induced neurobehavioral effects and alterations in brain monoamines using two patt...
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| Published in: | Psychopharmacology 2020-07, Vol.237 (7), p.1943-1957 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| cited_by | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c476t-465e6a183275b83789ee99c022e5a3ee920de77e7448ce2ebe8fac4675a4db833 |
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| cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c476t-465e6a183275b83789ee99c022e5a3ee920de77e7448ce2ebe8fac4675a4db833 |
| container_end_page | 1957 |
| container_issue | 7 |
| container_start_page | 1943 |
| container_title | Psychopharmacology |
| container_volume | 237 |
| creator | Mégarbane, Bruno Gamblin, Camille Roussel, Olivier Bouaziz-Amar, Elodie Chevillard, Lucie Callebert, Jacques Chen, Huixiong Morineau, Gilles Laplanche, Jean-Louis Etheve-Quelquejeu, Mélanie Liechti, Matthias E. Benturquia, Nadia |
| description | Rationale
The recreational use of naphyrone, a potent synthetic cathinone with a pyrovalerone structure, has raised questions about possible deleterious neurobehavioral consequences.
Objective
To investigate naphyrone-induced neurobehavioral effects and alterations in brain monoamines using two patterns of abuse, i.e., single and repeated (binge) use.
Methods
We studied naphyrone dose/induced locomotor activity relationship at 3, 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg in mice. We investigated the effects of single (30 mg/kg; acute injection) versus repeated (30 mg/kg ×3/day for 3 days; binge injection) intraperitoneal naphyrone administration on locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, spatial recognition memory, anhedonia, behavioral despair, and social interaction. We measured post-mortem prefrontal cortex levels of monoamines and modeled naphyrone pharmacokinetics and concentration/locomotor effect relationship.
Results
Both naphyrone administration patterns induced time-dependent increases in locomotor activity (
p
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00213-020-05510-2 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_hal_p</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_hal_primary_oai_HAL_hal_03823023v1</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A627224598</galeid><sourcerecordid>A627224598</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c476t-465e6a183275b83789ee99c022e5a3ee920de77e7448ce2ebe8fac4675a4db833</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9ks1u1DAUhSMEokPhBVggS6xYpPVf4mQ5qoAijcSmrC2Pc5O4JHawk4HueAdegGfjSbidlFZICGdh5_p8N_dEJ8teMnrGKFXniVLORE45zWlRMJrzR9mGScFzThV_nG0oFSIXrKhOsmcpXVNcspJPsxPBRV2XQm6yn1c9EA9LDHvozcGFaAYCbQt2TiS0ZMbrBpLrPETSxKUj3kz9TQweyK_vP4jxBL5NEN0IfkbU-QOk2XVmdsGTr27uydSbOBobPjsPs7MJmYbY4C0S8ag7Xz9IIgzH99S7CTuR0Vl4nj1pzZDgxd1-mn169_bq4jLffXz_4WK7y61U5ZzLsoDSsEpwVewroaoaoK4t5RwKI_DMaQNKgZKyssBhD1VrrCxVYWSDgDjN3qx9ezPoCf2YeKODcfpyu9O3NSoqLigXB4ba16t2iuHLgn71dViix_E0l6ygkikhH1SdGUA73wa0a0eXrN6WXHEui7pC1dk_VPg0gPbxN7cO638BfAVsDClFaO-nZVTf5kKvudCYC33MheYIvbqbeNmP0Nwjf4KAArEKEl75DuKDpf-0_Q2peMVa</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2415041734</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The neurobehavioral effects of the designer drug naphyrone – an experimental investigation with pharmacokinetics and concentration/effect relationship in mice</title><source>EBSCOhost SPORTDiscus with Full Text</source><source>Springer Nature:Jisc Collections:Springer Nature Read and Publish 2023-2025: Springer Reading List</source><creator>Mégarbane, Bruno ; Gamblin, Camille ; Roussel, Olivier ; Bouaziz-Amar, Elodie ; Chevillard, Lucie ; Callebert, Jacques ; Chen, Huixiong ; Morineau, Gilles ; Laplanche, Jean-Louis ; Etheve-Quelquejeu, Mélanie ; Liechti, Matthias E. ; Benturquia, Nadia</creator><creatorcontrib>Mégarbane, Bruno ; Gamblin, Camille ; Roussel, Olivier ; Bouaziz-Amar, Elodie ; Chevillard, Lucie ; Callebert, Jacques ; Chen, Huixiong ; Morineau, Gilles ; Laplanche, Jean-Louis ; Etheve-Quelquejeu, Mélanie ; Liechti, Matthias E. ; Benturquia, Nadia</creatorcontrib><description><![CDATA[Rationale
The recreational use of naphyrone, a potent synthetic cathinone with a pyrovalerone structure, has raised questions about possible deleterious neurobehavioral consequences.
Objective
To investigate naphyrone-induced neurobehavioral effects and alterations in brain monoamines using two patterns of abuse, i.e., single and repeated (binge) use.
Methods
We studied naphyrone dose/induced locomotor activity relationship at 3, 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg in mice. We investigated the effects of single (30 mg/kg; acute injection) versus repeated (30 mg/kg ×3/day for 3 days; binge injection) intraperitoneal naphyrone administration on locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, spatial recognition memory, anhedonia, behavioral despair, and social interaction. We measured post-mortem prefrontal cortex levels of monoamines and modeled naphyrone pharmacokinetics and concentration/locomotor effect relationship.
Results
Both naphyrone administration patterns induced time-dependent increases in locomotor activity (
p
< 0.001 and
p
< 0.0001, respectively) and social interaction (
p
< 0.05 and
p
< 0.001, respectively) but did not alter spatial recognition memory or anhedonia. Acute naphyrone injection induced anxiety-like behavior (
p
< 0.01) and reduced resignation (
p
< 0.01) whereas binge administration induced non-anxiety-like behavior (
p
< 0.05) and did not alter behavioral despair. Both patterns increased the prefrontal cortex dopamine (
p
< 0.0001) and norepinephrine (
p
< 0.05 and
p
< 0.01, respectively) but not serotonin content. Naphyrone pharmacokinetics followed a two-compartment model with an overall elimination half-life of 0.3 h. The naphyrone concentration/locomotor effect relationship was described by an additive
E
max
model with an EC
50
of 672 μg/L.
Conclusions
Single naphyrone administration increases locomotor activity according to a direct concentration/effect relationship. The neurobehavioral effects after binge differs from those after single administration and are not explained by drug accumulation given the relatively fast elimination.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 0033-3158</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-2072</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05510-2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32399634</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Abuse ; Anxiety ; Behavior ; Behavioral despair ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Dopamine ; Hedonic response ; Injection ; Life Sciences ; Locomotor activity ; Monoamines ; Neurosciences ; Norepinephrine ; Original Investigation ; Pharmacokinetics ; Pharmacology/Toxicology ; Prefrontal cortex ; Psychiatry ; Serotonin ; Social interaction ; Spatial memory ; Toxicology</subject><ispartof>Psychopharmacology, 2020-07, Vol.237 (7), p.1943-1957</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Springer</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020.</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c476t-465e6a183275b83789ee99c022e5a3ee920de77e7448ce2ebe8fac4675a4db833</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c476t-465e6a183275b83789ee99c022e5a3ee920de77e7448ce2ebe8fac4675a4db833</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2522-2764 ; 0000-0003-2910-9117</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32399634$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.science/hal-03823023$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mégarbane, Bruno</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gamblin, Camille</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roussel, Olivier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bouaziz-Amar, Elodie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chevillard, Lucie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Callebert, Jacques</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Huixiong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morineau, Gilles</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Laplanche, Jean-Louis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Etheve-Quelquejeu, Mélanie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liechti, Matthias E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benturquia, Nadia</creatorcontrib><title>The neurobehavioral effects of the designer drug naphyrone – an experimental investigation with pharmacokinetics and concentration/effect relationship in mice</title><title>Psychopharmacology</title><addtitle>Psychopharmacology</addtitle><addtitle>Psychopharmacology (Berl)</addtitle><description><![CDATA[Rationale
The recreational use of naphyrone, a potent synthetic cathinone with a pyrovalerone structure, has raised questions about possible deleterious neurobehavioral consequences.
Objective
To investigate naphyrone-induced neurobehavioral effects and alterations in brain monoamines using two patterns of abuse, i.e., single and repeated (binge) use.
Methods
We studied naphyrone dose/induced locomotor activity relationship at 3, 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg in mice. We investigated the effects of single (30 mg/kg; acute injection) versus repeated (30 mg/kg ×3/day for 3 days; binge injection) intraperitoneal naphyrone administration on locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, spatial recognition memory, anhedonia, behavioral despair, and social interaction. We measured post-mortem prefrontal cortex levels of monoamines and modeled naphyrone pharmacokinetics and concentration/locomotor effect relationship.
Results
Both naphyrone administration patterns induced time-dependent increases in locomotor activity (
p
< 0.001 and
p
< 0.0001, respectively) and social interaction (
p
< 0.05 and
p
< 0.001, respectively) but did not alter spatial recognition memory or anhedonia. Acute naphyrone injection induced anxiety-like behavior (
p
< 0.01) and reduced resignation (
p
< 0.01) whereas binge administration induced non-anxiety-like behavior (
p
< 0.05) and did not alter behavioral despair. Both patterns increased the prefrontal cortex dopamine (
p
< 0.0001) and norepinephrine (
p
< 0.05 and
p
< 0.01, respectively) but not serotonin content. Naphyrone pharmacokinetics followed a two-compartment model with an overall elimination half-life of 0.3 h. The naphyrone concentration/locomotor effect relationship was described by an additive
E
max
model with an EC
50
of 672 μg/L.
Conclusions
Single naphyrone administration increases locomotor activity according to a direct concentration/effect relationship. The neurobehavioral effects after binge differs from those after single administration and are not explained by drug accumulation given the relatively fast elimination.]]></description><subject>Abuse</subject><subject>Anxiety</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Behavioral despair</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Dopamine</subject><subject>Hedonic response</subject><subject>Injection</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Locomotor activity</subject><subject>Monoamines</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>Norepinephrine</subject><subject>Original Investigation</subject><subject>Pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Pharmacology/Toxicology</subject><subject>Prefrontal cortex</subject><subject>Psychiatry</subject><subject>Serotonin</subject><subject>Social interaction</subject><subject>Spatial memory</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><issn>0033-3158</issn><issn>1432-2072</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9ks1u1DAUhSMEokPhBVggS6xYpPVf4mQ5qoAijcSmrC2Pc5O4JHawk4HueAdegGfjSbidlFZICGdh5_p8N_dEJ8teMnrGKFXniVLORE45zWlRMJrzR9mGScFzThV_nG0oFSIXrKhOsmcpXVNcspJPsxPBRV2XQm6yn1c9EA9LDHvozcGFaAYCbQt2TiS0ZMbrBpLrPETSxKUj3kz9TQweyK_vP4jxBL5NEN0IfkbU-QOk2XVmdsGTr27uydSbOBobPjsPs7MJmYbY4C0S8ag7Xz9IIgzH99S7CTuR0Vl4nj1pzZDgxd1-mn169_bq4jLffXz_4WK7y61U5ZzLsoDSsEpwVewroaoaoK4t5RwKI_DMaQNKgZKyssBhD1VrrCxVYWSDgDjN3qx9ezPoCf2YeKODcfpyu9O3NSoqLigXB4ba16t2iuHLgn71dViix_E0l6ygkikhH1SdGUA73wa0a0eXrN6WXHEui7pC1dk_VPg0gPbxN7cO638BfAVsDClFaO-nZVTf5kKvudCYC33MheYIvbqbeNmP0Nwjf4KAArEKEl75DuKDpf-0_Q2peMVa</recordid><startdate>20200701</startdate><enddate>20200701</enddate><creator>Mégarbane, Bruno</creator><creator>Gamblin, Camille</creator><creator>Roussel, Olivier</creator><creator>Bouaziz-Amar, Elodie</creator><creator>Chevillard, Lucie</creator><creator>Callebert, Jacques</creator><creator>Chen, Huixiong</creator><creator>Morineau, Gilles</creator><creator>Laplanche, Jean-Louis</creator><creator>Etheve-Quelquejeu, Mélanie</creator><creator>Liechti, Matthias E.</creator><creator>Benturquia, Nadia</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><general>Springer Verlag</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>1XC</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2522-2764</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2910-9117</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200701</creationdate><title>The neurobehavioral effects of the designer drug naphyrone – an experimental investigation with pharmacokinetics and concentration/effect relationship in mice</title><author>Mégarbane, Bruno ; Gamblin, Camille ; Roussel, Olivier ; Bouaziz-Amar, Elodie ; Chevillard, Lucie ; Callebert, Jacques ; Chen, Huixiong ; Morineau, Gilles ; Laplanche, Jean-Louis ; Etheve-Quelquejeu, Mélanie ; Liechti, Matthias E. ; Benturquia, Nadia</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c476t-465e6a183275b83789ee99c022e5a3ee920de77e7448ce2ebe8fac4675a4db833</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Abuse</topic><topic>Anxiety</topic><topic>Behavior</topic><topic>Behavioral despair</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Dopamine</topic><topic>Hedonic response</topic><topic>Injection</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Locomotor activity</topic><topic>Monoamines</topic><topic>Neurosciences</topic><topic>Norepinephrine</topic><topic>Original Investigation</topic><topic>Pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Pharmacology/Toxicology</topic><topic>Prefrontal cortex</topic><topic>Psychiatry</topic><topic>Serotonin</topic><topic>Social interaction</topic><topic>Spatial memory</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mégarbane, Bruno</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gamblin, Camille</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roussel, Olivier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bouaziz-Amar, Elodie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chevillard, Lucie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Callebert, Jacques</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Huixiong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morineau, Gilles</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Laplanche, Jean-Louis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Etheve-Quelquejeu, Mélanie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liechti, Matthias E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benturquia, Nadia</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Proquest Nursing & Allied Health Source</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Psychology Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><jtitle>Psychopharmacology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mégarbane, Bruno</au><au>Gamblin, Camille</au><au>Roussel, Olivier</au><au>Bouaziz-Amar, Elodie</au><au>Chevillard, Lucie</au><au>Callebert, Jacques</au><au>Chen, Huixiong</au><au>Morineau, Gilles</au><au>Laplanche, Jean-Louis</au><au>Etheve-Quelquejeu, Mélanie</au><au>Liechti, Matthias E.</au><au>Benturquia, Nadia</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The neurobehavioral effects of the designer drug naphyrone – an experimental investigation with pharmacokinetics and concentration/effect relationship in mice</atitle><jtitle>Psychopharmacology</jtitle><stitle>Psychopharmacology</stitle><addtitle>Psychopharmacology (Berl)</addtitle><date>2020-07-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>237</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>1943</spage><epage>1957</epage><pages>1943-1957</pages><issn>0033-3158</issn><eissn>1432-2072</eissn><abstract><![CDATA[Rationale
The recreational use of naphyrone, a potent synthetic cathinone with a pyrovalerone structure, has raised questions about possible deleterious neurobehavioral consequences.
Objective
To investigate naphyrone-induced neurobehavioral effects and alterations in brain monoamines using two patterns of abuse, i.e., single and repeated (binge) use.
Methods
We studied naphyrone dose/induced locomotor activity relationship at 3, 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg in mice. We investigated the effects of single (30 mg/kg; acute injection) versus repeated (30 mg/kg ×3/day for 3 days; binge injection) intraperitoneal naphyrone administration on locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, spatial recognition memory, anhedonia, behavioral despair, and social interaction. We measured post-mortem prefrontal cortex levels of monoamines and modeled naphyrone pharmacokinetics and concentration/locomotor effect relationship.
Results
Both naphyrone administration patterns induced time-dependent increases in locomotor activity (
p
< 0.001 and
p
< 0.0001, respectively) and social interaction (
p
< 0.05 and
p
< 0.001, respectively) but did not alter spatial recognition memory or anhedonia. Acute naphyrone injection induced anxiety-like behavior (
p
< 0.01) and reduced resignation (
p
< 0.01) whereas binge administration induced non-anxiety-like behavior (
p
< 0.05) and did not alter behavioral despair. Both patterns increased the prefrontal cortex dopamine (
p
< 0.0001) and norepinephrine (
p
< 0.05 and
p
< 0.01, respectively) but not serotonin content. Naphyrone pharmacokinetics followed a two-compartment model with an overall elimination half-life of 0.3 h. The naphyrone concentration/locomotor effect relationship was described by an additive
E
max
model with an EC
50
of 672 μg/L.
Conclusions
Single naphyrone administration increases locomotor activity according to a direct concentration/effect relationship. The neurobehavioral effects after binge differs from those after single administration and are not explained by drug accumulation given the relatively fast elimination.]]></abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>32399634</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00213-020-05510-2</doi><tpages>15</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2522-2764</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2910-9117</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0033-3158 |
| ispartof | Psychopharmacology, 2020-07, Vol.237 (7), p.1943-1957 |
| issn | 0033-3158 1432-2072 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_hal_primary_oai_HAL_hal_03823023v1 |
| source | EBSCOhost SPORTDiscus with Full Text; Springer Nature:Jisc Collections:Springer Nature Read and Publish 2023-2025: Springer Reading List |
| subjects | Abuse Anxiety Behavior Behavioral despair Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Dopamine Hedonic response Injection Life Sciences Locomotor activity Monoamines Neurosciences Norepinephrine Original Investigation Pharmacokinetics Pharmacology/Toxicology Prefrontal cortex Psychiatry Serotonin Social interaction Spatial memory Toxicology |
| title | The neurobehavioral effects of the designer drug naphyrone – an experimental investigation with pharmacokinetics and concentration/effect relationship in mice |
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