A comparison of real-time energy management strategies of FC/SC hybrid power source: Statistical analysis using random cycles

• Published in: International journal of hydrogen energy 2021-09, Vol.46 (63), p.32192-32205
• Main Authors: Jiang, Qi, Béthoux, O., Ossart, F., Berthelot, E., Marchand, C.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy; Automatic; Electric power; Engineering Sciences; Fuel cell system; Markov chain; On-line energy management; Statistical analysis; Stochastic dynamic programming
• ISSN: 0360-3199; 1879-3487
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.06.003

This paper presents a comparative study of two promising real-time energy management strategies for fuel cell electric vehicle applications: adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS), and stochastic dynamic programming (SDP). An off-line algorithm –classic dynamic programming - provides reference results. On-line and off-line strategies are tested both in simulation and using a dedicated test bench completely consistent with an electric scooter powertrain. The hybrid power source combines a fuel cell, a supercapacitor pack and two related power converters. The system model is carefully calibrated using experimental data. This allows meaningful identification of parameters of the various strategies. The model data is determined using a motorcycle certification driving cycle. The robustness of each strategy is then analyzed using a large number of random driving cycles. Experimental and simulation results show that a specific SDP approach, based on Markov chain modeling, has the best overall performance in real-world driving conditions. It achieves the minimum average hydrogen consumption while respecting the state-sustaining constraint. Conversely, the A-ECMS results lack robustness and show poor performance indexes when facing unknown real world power demand profile. In conclusion, the present results indicate SDP is an interesting approach for future hybrid source energy allocation. •Novel statistical assessment of pure on-line EMS regarding real–life use.•A Markov chain model is used to generate random and realistic power profiles.•Pure DP provides an absolute reference and EMS are assessed with 2 clear performance indexes.•Experiments show SDP as a promising EMS.