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Agroecological farming, flowering phenology and the pollinator–herbivore–parasitoid nexus regulate non‐crop plant reproduction
Agroecological farming uses crop and non‐crop plant biodiversity to promote beneficial insects supplying pollination and biocontrol services to crops. Non‐crop plants (sown or weeds) are integral to supporting these beneficial insect species interactions. How the uplift of biotic complexity by agroe...
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| Published in: | The Journal of applied ecology 2022-08, Vol.59 (8), p.2046-2058 |
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| creator | Monticelli, Lucie S. Labonté, Audrey Turpin, Mélinda Biju‐Duval, Luc Felten, Emeline Laurent, Emilien Matejicek, Annick Vieren, Eric Deytieux, Violaine Cordeau, Stephane Vanbergen, Adam J. |
| description | Agroecological farming uses crop and non‐crop plant biodiversity to promote beneficial insects supplying pollination and biocontrol services to crops. Non‐crop plants (sown or weeds) are integral to supporting these beneficial insect species interactions. How the uplift of biotic complexity by agroecological management (crop diversification, ecological infrastructure) influences mutualistic and antagonistic insect interactions regulating the reproduction of non‐crop plants remains less understood.
Using a pesticide‐free farm‐scale (125 ha) agroecological experiment, we tested how the individual reproduction of pollinator‐dependent, non‐crop plant species with different flowering phenology (Cyanus segetum, Centaurea jacea) and their mutualistic (pollinator) and antagonistic (seed herbivore–parasitoid) insect interactions were affected by agroecological practices.
Seed set and species interactions of replicate C. segetum and C. jacea randomly introduced to field margins were correlated with floral resource heterogeneity at focal plant (e.g. flower display size), local community (floral richness/abundance driven by sown wildflower or grass margins) and local landscape (crop diversification, area of semi‐natural habitat or mass flowering crops) scales.
At the seasonal peak of non‐crop floral diversity and abundance, antagonistic interactions weakly regulated C. segetum seed set with gains from pollinator activity predominating. Conversely, C. jacea, which flowered past the peak of non‐crop floral diversity/abundance, benefited from the promotion of seed herbivore parasitism and pollinator activity by the local landscape cover of semi‐natural habitat and mass flowering crops.
Synthesis and applications. Agroecological management produced spatial and temporal gradients in crop and non‐crop floral resources that interacted to modify pollinator or seed herbivore–parasitoid interactions and Cyanus segetum and Centaurea jacea seed set. The degree of phenological overlap between C. segetum and C. jacea flowering and floral resources in the local community or landscape dictated the type and level of exposure to insect interactions influencing reproduction. Design of agroecological practices to deliver pollination and biocontrol services must consider how effects will vary with species traits and the mutualistic (pollination) and antagonistic (herbivory, parasitism) interactions governing non‐crop plant reproduction. Agroecological management supporting beneficial inse |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/1365-2664.14205 |
| format | article |
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Using a pesticide‐free farm‐scale (125 ha) agroecological experiment, we tested how the individual reproduction of pollinator‐dependent, non‐crop plant species with different flowering phenology (Cyanus segetum, Centaurea jacea) and their mutualistic (pollinator) and antagonistic (seed herbivore–parasitoid) insect interactions were affected by agroecological practices.
Seed set and species interactions of replicate C. segetum and C. jacea randomly introduced to field margins were correlated with floral resource heterogeneity at focal plant (e.g. flower display size), local community (floral richness/abundance driven by sown wildflower or grass margins) and local landscape (crop diversification, area of semi‐natural habitat or mass flowering crops) scales.
At the seasonal peak of non‐crop floral diversity and abundance, antagonistic interactions weakly regulated C. segetum seed set with gains from pollinator activity predominating. Conversely, C. jacea, which flowered past the peak of non‐crop floral diversity/abundance, benefited from the promotion of seed herbivore parasitism and pollinator activity by the local landscape cover of semi‐natural habitat and mass flowering crops.
Synthesis and applications. Agroecological management produced spatial and temporal gradients in crop and non‐crop floral resources that interacted to modify pollinator or seed herbivore–parasitoid interactions and Cyanus segetum and Centaurea jacea seed set. The degree of phenological overlap between C. segetum and C. jacea flowering and floral resources in the local community or landscape dictated the type and level of exposure to insect interactions influencing reproduction. Design of agroecological practices to deliver pollination and biocontrol services must consider how effects will vary with species traits and the mutualistic (pollination) and antagonistic (herbivory, parasitism) interactions governing non‐crop plant reproduction. Agroecological management supporting beneficial insect interactions may feedback to help restore functional non‐crop plant populations and associated biodiversity, potentially reducing the frequency of management interventions (e.g. re‐sowing wildflower strips).
Résumé
L'agroécologie favorise la biodiversité des plantes cultivées et non cultivées pour attirer les insectes utiles qui fournissent des services de pollinisation et de biocontrôle aux cultures. Les plantes non cultivées (semées ou adventices) font partie intégrante de ces interactions entre espèces qui soutiennent les insectes utiles. Cependant, la manière dont l'augmentation de la complexité biotique par la gestion agroécologique (diversification des cultures, infrastructure écologique) influence les interactions mutualistes et antagonistes des insectes qui régulent la reproduction des plantes non cultivées reste peu comprise.
Une expérience réalisée à l'échelle d'une ferme n’utilisant pas de pesticides (125 ha) nous a permis de tester l’impact des pratiques agroécologiques sur la reproduction individuelle d'espèces de plantes non cultivées (Cyanus segetum, Centaurea jacea) ainsi que sur leurs interactions avec des organismes mutualistes (pollinisateurs) et antagonistes (prédateurs des semences‐parasitoïdes). Les deux espèces de plantes sont dépendantes des pollinisateurs pour leur reproduction mais ont une phénologie de floraison différente.
La production de graines et les interactions entre les espèces impliquant C. segetum et C. jacea (introduites de manière aléatoire en bordure de champ) ont été corrélés avec l'hétérogénéité des ressources florales à l'échelle de la plante (par exemple, le nombre de fleurs), de la communauté locale (richesse/abondance des fleurs sauvages semées ou présentes dans les bordures enherbées), et du paysage local (diversification des cultures, zone d'habitat semi‐naturel ou cultures à floraison massive).
Lorsque la diversité et l'abondance de la flore non cultivée sont à leur maximum (pic saisonnier), les interactions antagonistes ont faiblement régulé la formation des graines chez C. segetum tandis que les bénéfices apportés par l’activité des pollinisateurs étaient prédominants. A l’inverse, C. jacea qui fleuri après le pic de diversité/abondance des fleurs non cultivées, a bénéficié de l’augmentation du taux de parasitisme des herbivores et de l'activité des pollinisateurs grâce à la couverture paysagère locale d'habitats semi‐naturels et de cultures à floraison massive.
La gestion agroécologique a produit des gradients spatiaux et temporels dans la disponibilité des ressources florales cultivées et non cultivées modifiant les interactions entre les pollinisateurs ou les herbivores‐parasitoïdes ainsi que la formation des graines des plantes Cyanus segetum et Centaurea jacea. Le degré de chevauchement phénologique entre la floraison de C. segetum et C. jacea et les ressources florales dans la communauté locale ou le paysage a dicté le type et le niveau d'exposition aux interactions entre insectes influençant la reproduction. La conception de pratiques agroécologiques visant à fournir des services de pollinisation et de biocontrôle doit tenir compte de la manière dont les effets varieront en fonction des caractéristiques des espèces et de l'ensemble des interactions mutualistes (pollinisation) et antagonistes (herbivorie, parasitisme) régissant la reproduction des plantes non cultivées. La gestion agroécologique favorisant les interactions avec les insectes bénéfiques peut contribuer à rétablir les populations fonctionnelles de plantes non cultivées et la biodiversité associée, ce qui pourrait réduire la fréquence des interventions de gestion (par exemple, le réensemencement des bandes fleuries).
Agroecological management produced spatial and temporal gradients in crop and non‐crop floral resources that interacted to modify pollinator or seed herbivore–parasitoid interactions and Cyanus segetum and Centaurea jacea seed set. The degree of phenological overlap between C. segetum and C. jacea flowering and floral resources in the local community or landscape dictated the type and level of exposure to insect interactions influencing reproduction. Design of agroecological practices to deliver pollination and biocontrol services must consider how effects will vary with species traits and the mutualistic (pollination) and antagonistic (herbivory, parasitism) interactions governing non‐crop plant reproduction. Agroecological management supporting beneficial insect interactions may feedback to help restore functional non‐crop plant populations and associated biodiversity, potentially reducing the frequency of management interventions (e.g. re‐sowing wildflower strips).</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-8901</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2664</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14205</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Abundance ; agri‐environment ; Beneficial arthropods ; Biodiversity ; Biological control ; Centaurea jacea ; Crop diversification ; Crops ; Cyanus segetum ; Ecological effects ; ecological intensification ; Farming ; Farms ; Flowering ; Habitats ; Herbivores ; Herbivory ; Heterogeneity ; Infrastructure ; Insects ; Landscape ; Life Sciences ; Parasitism ; parasitoid ; Parasitoids ; Pesticides ; Phenology ; Plant populations ; Plant reproduction ; Plant species ; Planting ; Pollination ; pollinator ; Pollinators ; Populations ; Reproduction ; Reproduction (biology) ; seed herbivore ; Seed set ; Seeds ; Species ; trophic interactions ; wildflower strips</subject><ispartof>The Journal of applied ecology, 2022-08, Vol.59 (8), p.2046-2058</ispartof><rights>2022 The Authors. published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Ecological Society.</rights><rights>2022. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3905-df6e630b11d472d2653b4483a78c1d35a5cd7ac7de98d908009bb760a208ad7b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3905-df6e630b11d472d2653b4483a78c1d35a5cd7ac7de98d908009bb760a208ad7b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8320-5535 ; 0000-0003-1069-8388 ; 0000-0002-0745-3905</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03844072$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Monticelli, Lucie S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Labonté, Audrey</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turpin, Mélinda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Biju‐Duval, Luc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Felten, Emeline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Laurent, Emilien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matejicek, Annick</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vieren, Eric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deytieux, Violaine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cordeau, Stephane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vanbergen, Adam J.</creatorcontrib><title>Agroecological farming, flowering phenology and the pollinator–herbivore–parasitoid nexus regulate non‐crop plant reproduction</title><title>The Journal of applied ecology</title><description>Agroecological farming uses crop and non‐crop plant biodiversity to promote beneficial insects supplying pollination and biocontrol services to crops. Non‐crop plants (sown or weeds) are integral to supporting these beneficial insect species interactions. How the uplift of biotic complexity by agroecological management (crop diversification, ecological infrastructure) influences mutualistic and antagonistic insect interactions regulating the reproduction of non‐crop plants remains less understood.
Using a pesticide‐free farm‐scale (125 ha) agroecological experiment, we tested how the individual reproduction of pollinator‐dependent, non‐crop plant species with different flowering phenology (Cyanus segetum, Centaurea jacea) and their mutualistic (pollinator) and antagonistic (seed herbivore–parasitoid) insect interactions were affected by agroecological practices.
Seed set and species interactions of replicate C. segetum and C. jacea randomly introduced to field margins were correlated with floral resource heterogeneity at focal plant (e.g. flower display size), local community (floral richness/abundance driven by sown wildflower or grass margins) and local landscape (crop diversification, area of semi‐natural habitat or mass flowering crops) scales.
At the seasonal peak of non‐crop floral diversity and abundance, antagonistic interactions weakly regulated C. segetum seed set with gains from pollinator activity predominating. Conversely, C. jacea, which flowered past the peak of non‐crop floral diversity/abundance, benefited from the promotion of seed herbivore parasitism and pollinator activity by the local landscape cover of semi‐natural habitat and mass flowering crops.
Synthesis and applications. Agroecological management produced spatial and temporal gradients in crop and non‐crop floral resources that interacted to modify pollinator or seed herbivore–parasitoid interactions and Cyanus segetum and Centaurea jacea seed set. The degree of phenological overlap between C. segetum and C. jacea flowering and floral resources in the local community or landscape dictated the type and level of exposure to insect interactions influencing reproduction. Design of agroecological practices to deliver pollination and biocontrol services must consider how effects will vary with species traits and the mutualistic (pollination) and antagonistic (herbivory, parasitism) interactions governing non‐crop plant reproduction. Agroecological management supporting beneficial insect interactions may feedback to help restore functional non‐crop plant populations and associated biodiversity, potentially reducing the frequency of management interventions (e.g. re‐sowing wildflower strips).
Résumé
L'agroécologie favorise la biodiversité des plantes cultivées et non cultivées pour attirer les insectes utiles qui fournissent des services de pollinisation et de biocontrôle aux cultures. Les plantes non cultivées (semées ou adventices) font partie intégrante de ces interactions entre espèces qui soutiennent les insectes utiles. Cependant, la manière dont l'augmentation de la complexité biotique par la gestion agroécologique (diversification des cultures, infrastructure écologique) influence les interactions mutualistes et antagonistes des insectes qui régulent la reproduction des plantes non cultivées reste peu comprise.
Une expérience réalisée à l'échelle d'une ferme n’utilisant pas de pesticides (125 ha) nous a permis de tester l’impact des pratiques agroécologiques sur la reproduction individuelle d'espèces de plantes non cultivées (Cyanus segetum, Centaurea jacea) ainsi que sur leurs interactions avec des organismes mutualistes (pollinisateurs) et antagonistes (prédateurs des semences‐parasitoïdes). Les deux espèces de plantes sont dépendantes des pollinisateurs pour leur reproduction mais ont une phénologie de floraison différente.
La production de graines et les interactions entre les espèces impliquant C. segetum et C. jacea (introduites de manière aléatoire en bordure de champ) ont été corrélés avec l'hétérogénéité des ressources florales à l'échelle de la plante (par exemple, le nombre de fleurs), de la communauté locale (richesse/abondance des fleurs sauvages semées ou présentes dans les bordures enherbées), et du paysage local (diversification des cultures, zone d'habitat semi‐naturel ou cultures à floraison massive).
Lorsque la diversité et l'abondance de la flore non cultivée sont à leur maximum (pic saisonnier), les interactions antagonistes ont faiblement régulé la formation des graines chez C. segetum tandis que les bénéfices apportés par l’activité des pollinisateurs étaient prédominants. A l’inverse, C. jacea qui fleuri après le pic de diversité/abondance des fleurs non cultivées, a bénéficié de l’augmentation du taux de parasitisme des herbivores et de l'activité des pollinisateurs grâce à la couverture paysagère locale d'habitats semi‐naturels et de cultures à floraison massive.
La gestion agroécologique a produit des gradients spatiaux et temporels dans la disponibilité des ressources florales cultivées et non cultivées modifiant les interactions entre les pollinisateurs ou les herbivores‐parasitoïdes ainsi que la formation des graines des plantes Cyanus segetum et Centaurea jacea. Le degré de chevauchement phénologique entre la floraison de C. segetum et C. jacea et les ressources florales dans la communauté locale ou le paysage a dicté le type et le niveau d'exposition aux interactions entre insectes influençant la reproduction. La conception de pratiques agroécologiques visant à fournir des services de pollinisation et de biocontrôle doit tenir compte de la manière dont les effets varieront en fonction des caractéristiques des espèces et de l'ensemble des interactions mutualistes (pollinisation) et antagonistes (herbivorie, parasitisme) régissant la reproduction des plantes non cultivées. La gestion agroécologique favorisant les interactions avec les insectes bénéfiques peut contribuer à rétablir les populations fonctionnelles de plantes non cultivées et la biodiversité associée, ce qui pourrait réduire la fréquence des interventions de gestion (par exemple, le réensemencement des bandes fleuries).
Agroecological management produced spatial and temporal gradients in crop and non‐crop floral resources that interacted to modify pollinator or seed herbivore–parasitoid interactions and Cyanus segetum and Centaurea jacea seed set. The degree of phenological overlap between C. segetum and C. jacea flowering and floral resources in the local community or landscape dictated the type and level of exposure to insect interactions influencing reproduction. Design of agroecological practices to deliver pollination and biocontrol services must consider how effects will vary with species traits and the mutualistic (pollination) and antagonistic (herbivory, parasitism) interactions governing non‐crop plant reproduction. Agroecological management supporting beneficial insect interactions may feedback to help restore functional non‐crop plant populations and associated biodiversity, potentially reducing the frequency of management interventions (e.g. re‐sowing wildflower strips).</description><subject>Abundance</subject><subject>agri‐environment</subject><subject>Beneficial arthropods</subject><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>Biological control</subject><subject>Centaurea jacea</subject><subject>Crop diversification</subject><subject>Crops</subject><subject>Cyanus segetum</subject><subject>Ecological effects</subject><subject>ecological intensification</subject><subject>Farming</subject><subject>Farms</subject><subject>Flowering</subject><subject>Habitats</subject><subject>Herbivores</subject><subject>Herbivory</subject><subject>Heterogeneity</subject><subject>Infrastructure</subject><subject>Insects</subject><subject>Landscape</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Parasitism</subject><subject>parasitoid</subject><subject>Parasitoids</subject><subject>Pesticides</subject><subject>Phenology</subject><subject>Plant populations</subject><subject>Plant reproduction</subject><subject>Plant species</subject><subject>Planting</subject><subject>Pollination</subject><subject>pollinator</subject><subject>Pollinators</subject><subject>Populations</subject><subject>Reproduction</subject><subject>Reproduction (biology)</subject><subject>seed herbivore</subject><subject>Seed set</subject><subject>Seeds</subject><subject>Species</subject><subject>trophic interactions</subject><subject>wildflower strips</subject><issn>0021-8901</issn><issn>1365-2664</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkb1O5DAQxy0EEstHTWuJComAHSdOXK4QX6eVjgJqaxI7u0bGDk4CbEdDf9K9AM9yj8KTnEMQLdPMaOb3H83oj9ABJSc0xillPE9SzrMTmqUk30Cz784mmhGS0qQUhG6jna67J4SInLEZepsvg9e1t35parC4gfBg3PIYN9Y_6xBL3K60G-drDE7hfqVx6601DnofPl7_rnSozJMPOtYtBOhM743CTr8MHQ56OVjoNXbefbz-qYNvcWvB9f_eg26DV0PdG-_20FYDttP7X3kX3V2c355dJYvfl9dn80VSM0HyRDVcc0YqSlVWpCrlOauyrGRQlDVVLIe8VgXUhdKiVIKU8cmqKjiBlJSgiortoqNp7wqsbIN5gLCWHoy8mi_k2COszDJSpE80socTG898HHTXy3s_BBfPkykXXAhaMhGp04mKr3Vd0M33Wkrk6IscXZCjC_LTl6jIJ8WzsXr9Ey5_3ZxPuv9mBZVu</recordid><startdate>202208</startdate><enddate>202208</enddate><creator>Monticelli, Lucie S.</creator><creator>Labonté, Audrey</creator><creator>Turpin, Mélinda</creator><creator>Biju‐Duval, Luc</creator><creator>Felten, Emeline</creator><creator>Laurent, Emilien</creator><creator>Matejicek, Annick</creator><creator>Vieren, Eric</creator><creator>Deytieux, Violaine</creator><creator>Cordeau, Stephane</creator><creator>Vanbergen, Adam J.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Wiley</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>1XC</scope><scope>VOOES</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8320-5535</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1069-8388</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0745-3905</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202208</creationdate><title>Agroecological farming, flowering phenology and the pollinator–herbivore–parasitoid nexus regulate non‐crop plant reproduction</title><author>Monticelli, Lucie S. ; Labonté, Audrey ; Turpin, Mélinda ; Biju‐Duval, Luc ; Felten, Emeline ; Laurent, Emilien ; Matejicek, Annick ; Vieren, Eric ; Deytieux, Violaine ; Cordeau, Stephane ; Vanbergen, Adam J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3905-df6e630b11d472d2653b4483a78c1d35a5cd7ac7de98d908009bb760a208ad7b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Abundance</topic><topic>agri‐environment</topic><topic>Beneficial arthropods</topic><topic>Biodiversity</topic><topic>Biological control</topic><topic>Centaurea jacea</topic><topic>Crop diversification</topic><topic>Crops</topic><topic>Cyanus segetum</topic><topic>Ecological effects</topic><topic>ecological intensification</topic><topic>Farming</topic><topic>Farms</topic><topic>Flowering</topic><topic>Habitats</topic><topic>Herbivores</topic><topic>Herbivory</topic><topic>Heterogeneity</topic><topic>Infrastructure</topic><topic>Insects</topic><topic>Landscape</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Parasitism</topic><topic>parasitoid</topic><topic>Parasitoids</topic><topic>Pesticides</topic><topic>Phenology</topic><topic>Plant populations</topic><topic>Plant reproduction</topic><topic>Plant species</topic><topic>Planting</topic><topic>Pollination</topic><topic>pollinator</topic><topic>Pollinators</topic><topic>Populations</topic><topic>Reproduction</topic><topic>Reproduction (biology)</topic><topic>seed herbivore</topic><topic>Seed set</topic><topic>Seeds</topic><topic>Species</topic><topic>trophic interactions</topic><topic>wildflower strips</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Monticelli, Lucie S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Labonté, Audrey</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turpin, Mélinda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Biju‐Duval, Luc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Felten, Emeline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Laurent, Emilien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matejicek, Annick</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vieren, Eric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deytieux, Violaine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cordeau, Stephane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vanbergen, Adam J.</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley Open Access</collection><collection>Wiley-Blackwell Free Backfiles(OpenAccess)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL) (Open Access)</collection><jtitle>The Journal of applied ecology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Monticelli, Lucie S.</au><au>Labonté, Audrey</au><au>Turpin, Mélinda</au><au>Biju‐Duval, Luc</au><au>Felten, Emeline</au><au>Laurent, Emilien</au><au>Matejicek, Annick</au><au>Vieren, Eric</au><au>Deytieux, Violaine</au><au>Cordeau, Stephane</au><au>Vanbergen, Adam J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Agroecological farming, flowering phenology and the pollinator–herbivore–parasitoid nexus regulate non‐crop plant reproduction</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of applied ecology</jtitle><date>2022-08</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>59</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>2046</spage><epage>2058</epage><pages>2046-2058</pages><issn>0021-8901</issn><eissn>1365-2664</eissn><abstract>Agroecological farming uses crop and non‐crop plant biodiversity to promote beneficial insects supplying pollination and biocontrol services to crops. Non‐crop plants (sown or weeds) are integral to supporting these beneficial insect species interactions. How the uplift of biotic complexity by agroecological management (crop diversification, ecological infrastructure) influences mutualistic and antagonistic insect interactions regulating the reproduction of non‐crop plants remains less understood.
Using a pesticide‐free farm‐scale (125 ha) agroecological experiment, we tested how the individual reproduction of pollinator‐dependent, non‐crop plant species with different flowering phenology (Cyanus segetum, Centaurea jacea) and their mutualistic (pollinator) and antagonistic (seed herbivore–parasitoid) insect interactions were affected by agroecological practices.
Seed set and species interactions of replicate C. segetum and C. jacea randomly introduced to field margins were correlated with floral resource heterogeneity at focal plant (e.g. flower display size), local community (floral richness/abundance driven by sown wildflower or grass margins) and local landscape (crop diversification, area of semi‐natural habitat or mass flowering crops) scales.
At the seasonal peak of non‐crop floral diversity and abundance, antagonistic interactions weakly regulated C. segetum seed set with gains from pollinator activity predominating. Conversely, C. jacea, which flowered past the peak of non‐crop floral diversity/abundance, benefited from the promotion of seed herbivore parasitism and pollinator activity by the local landscape cover of semi‐natural habitat and mass flowering crops.
Synthesis and applications. Agroecological management produced spatial and temporal gradients in crop and non‐crop floral resources that interacted to modify pollinator or seed herbivore–parasitoid interactions and Cyanus segetum and Centaurea jacea seed set. The degree of phenological overlap between C. segetum and C. jacea flowering and floral resources in the local community or landscape dictated the type and level of exposure to insect interactions influencing reproduction. Design of agroecological practices to deliver pollination and biocontrol services must consider how effects will vary with species traits and the mutualistic (pollination) and antagonistic (herbivory, parasitism) interactions governing non‐crop plant reproduction. Agroecological management supporting beneficial insect interactions may feedback to help restore functional non‐crop plant populations and associated biodiversity, potentially reducing the frequency of management interventions (e.g. re‐sowing wildflower strips).
Résumé
L'agroécologie favorise la biodiversité des plantes cultivées et non cultivées pour attirer les insectes utiles qui fournissent des services de pollinisation et de biocontrôle aux cultures. Les plantes non cultivées (semées ou adventices) font partie intégrante de ces interactions entre espèces qui soutiennent les insectes utiles. Cependant, la manière dont l'augmentation de la complexité biotique par la gestion agroécologique (diversification des cultures, infrastructure écologique) influence les interactions mutualistes et antagonistes des insectes qui régulent la reproduction des plantes non cultivées reste peu comprise.
Une expérience réalisée à l'échelle d'une ferme n’utilisant pas de pesticides (125 ha) nous a permis de tester l’impact des pratiques agroécologiques sur la reproduction individuelle d'espèces de plantes non cultivées (Cyanus segetum, Centaurea jacea) ainsi que sur leurs interactions avec des organismes mutualistes (pollinisateurs) et antagonistes (prédateurs des semences‐parasitoïdes). Les deux espèces de plantes sont dépendantes des pollinisateurs pour leur reproduction mais ont une phénologie de floraison différente.
La production de graines et les interactions entre les espèces impliquant C. segetum et C. jacea (introduites de manière aléatoire en bordure de champ) ont été corrélés avec l'hétérogénéité des ressources florales à l'échelle de la plante (par exemple, le nombre de fleurs), de la communauté locale (richesse/abondance des fleurs sauvages semées ou présentes dans les bordures enherbées), et du paysage local (diversification des cultures, zone d'habitat semi‐naturel ou cultures à floraison massive).
Lorsque la diversité et l'abondance de la flore non cultivée sont à leur maximum (pic saisonnier), les interactions antagonistes ont faiblement régulé la formation des graines chez C. segetum tandis que les bénéfices apportés par l’activité des pollinisateurs étaient prédominants. A l’inverse, C. jacea qui fleuri après le pic de diversité/abondance des fleurs non cultivées, a bénéficié de l’augmentation du taux de parasitisme des herbivores et de l'activité des pollinisateurs grâce à la couverture paysagère locale d'habitats semi‐naturels et de cultures à floraison massive.
La gestion agroécologique a produit des gradients spatiaux et temporels dans la disponibilité des ressources florales cultivées et non cultivées modifiant les interactions entre les pollinisateurs ou les herbivores‐parasitoïdes ainsi que la formation des graines des plantes Cyanus segetum et Centaurea jacea. Le degré de chevauchement phénologique entre la floraison de C. segetum et C. jacea et les ressources florales dans la communauté locale ou le paysage a dicté le type et le niveau d'exposition aux interactions entre insectes influençant la reproduction. La conception de pratiques agroécologiques visant à fournir des services de pollinisation et de biocontrôle doit tenir compte de la manière dont les effets varieront en fonction des caractéristiques des espèces et de l'ensemble des interactions mutualistes (pollinisation) et antagonistes (herbivorie, parasitisme) régissant la reproduction des plantes non cultivées. La gestion agroécologique favorisant les interactions avec les insectes bénéfiques peut contribuer à rétablir les populations fonctionnelles de plantes non cultivées et la biodiversité associée, ce qui pourrait réduire la fréquence des interventions de gestion (par exemple, le réensemencement des bandes fleuries).
Agroecological management produced spatial and temporal gradients in crop and non‐crop floral resources that interacted to modify pollinator or seed herbivore–parasitoid interactions and Cyanus segetum and Centaurea jacea seed set. The degree of phenological overlap between C. segetum and C. jacea flowering and floral resources in the local community or landscape dictated the type and level of exposure to insect interactions influencing reproduction. Design of agroecological practices to deliver pollination and biocontrol services must consider how effects will vary with species traits and the mutualistic (pollination) and antagonistic (herbivory, parasitism) interactions governing non‐crop plant reproduction. Agroecological management supporting beneficial insect interactions may feedback to help restore functional non‐crop plant populations and associated biodiversity, potentially reducing the frequency of management interventions (e.g. re‐sowing wildflower strips).</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1111/1365-2664.14205</doi><tpages>13</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8320-5535</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1069-8388</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0745-3905</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0021-8901 |
| ispartof | The Journal of applied ecology, 2022-08, Vol.59 (8), p.2046-2058 |
| issn | 0021-8901 1365-2664 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_hal_primary_oai_HAL_hal_03844072v1 |
| source | Wiley |
| subjects | Abundance agri‐environment Beneficial arthropods Biodiversity Biological control Centaurea jacea Crop diversification Crops Cyanus segetum Ecological effects ecological intensification Farming Farms Flowering Habitats Herbivores Herbivory Heterogeneity Infrastructure Insects Landscape Life Sciences Parasitism parasitoid Parasitoids Pesticides Phenology Plant populations Plant reproduction Plant species Planting Pollination pollinator Pollinators Populations Reproduction Reproduction (biology) seed herbivore Seed set Seeds Species trophic interactions wildflower strips |
| title | Agroecological farming, flowering phenology and the pollinator–herbivore–parasitoid nexus regulate non‐crop plant reproduction |
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