55 xenobiotic organic compounds in Tripoli landfill-Lebanon leachate and their fluxes to the Abou Ali River and Mediterranean Sea

• Published in: Environmental monitoring and assessment 2022-12, Vol.194 (12), p.856, Article 856
• Main Authors: Moustafa, Ahmad, Hamzeh, Mariam, Baroudi, Moomen, Ouddane, Baghdad, Net, Sopheak
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Analytical chemistry; Aromatic compounds; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Chemical Sciences; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecology; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environment and Society; Environmental impact; Environmental Management; Environmental monitoring; Environmental Monitoring - methods; Environmental Pollutants; Environmental science; Environmental Sciences; Esters; Fluxes; Landfill; Landfills; Leachates; Lebanon; Mediterranean Sea; Monitoring/Environmental Analysis; Municipal landfills; Municipal solid waste; Municipal waste management; Organic Chemicals - analysis; Organic compounds; PCB; Phthalate esters; Phthalic acid; Phthalic Acids; Pollutants; Pollution monitoring; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Polychlorinated Biphenyls - analysis; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis; Refuse Disposal; Rivers; Seasonal variation; Seasonal variations; Solid impurities; Solid phases; Solid Waste - analysis; Solid waste management; Solid wastes; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Toxic pollutants; Waste Disposal Facilities; Waste disposal sites; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis; Xenobiotics
• ISSN: 0167-6369; 1573-2959
• DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10522-w

Pollution generated from landfill solid wastes constitute one of the major threat to the environment. The landfill leachate contains various toxic pollutants, making it the most dangerous issue of the landfills. Monitoring the xenobiotic organic concentrations in landfill leachate is an important step to evaluate the environmental impacts. This work aims to characterize the seasonal variation of 55 xenobiotic organic compounds including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and bisphenols (BPs) in the leachate from municipal solid waste landfill of Tripoli, Lebanon. And also, the quantity of the pollutant’s flux to the Abou Ali River and the Mediterranean Sea nearby has been estimated. The organic pollutants were extracted by using the solid-phase extraction and quantified by using GC–MS/MS. The results showed high level of PAEs, BPs, PCBs, and PAHs in the leachate samples. The fluxes of pollutants to the Abou Ali River and Mediterranean Sea have been detected at 0.23 kg, 0.01 kg, 116.85 kg, 15.93 kg, and 7.58 kg for Σ 16 PAHs, Σ 28 PCBs, Σ 6 PAEs, Σ 4 BPs, and 4-NP respectively.