Episodic Memory formation: A review of complex Hippocampus input pathways

•Episodic Memory involves objects representation including “what, where and when”.•Steps of information encoding about the objects occur in the Perirhinal cortex.•Spatial and contextual features are encoded in the parahippocampal region.•Information is then integrated in Entorhinal Cortex and hippoc...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry 2023-08, Vol.126, p.110757-110757, Article 110757
Main Authors: Danieli, Krubeal, Guyon, Alice, Bethus, Ingrid
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cognitive science
Computational neuroscience
Entorhinal cortex
Episodic Memory
Hippocampus
Life Sciences
Memory consolidation
Mental representations
Neocortex
Neural networks
Neuroanatomy
One-shot memory
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Summary:•Episodic Memory involves objects representation including “what, where and when”.•Steps of information encoding about the objects occur in the Perirhinal cortex.•Spatial and contextual features are encoded in the parahippocampal region.•Information is then integrated in Entorhinal Cortex and hippocampal network.•A model of integrating the networks involved in Episodic memory is proposed. Memories of everyday experiences involve the encoding of a rich and dynamic representation of present objects and their contextual features. Traditionally, the resulting mnemonic trace is referred to as Episodic Memory, i.e. the “what”, “where” and “when” of a lived episode. The journey for such memory trace encoding begins with the perceptual data of an experienced episode handled in sensory brain regions. The information is then streamed to cortical areas located in the ventral Medio Temporal Lobe, which produces multi-modal representations concerning either the objects (in the Perirhinal cortex) or the spatial and contextual features (in the parahippocampal region) of the episode. Then, this high-level data is gated through the Entorhinal Cortex and forwarded to the Hippocampal Formation, where all the pieces get bound together. Eventually, the resulting encoded neural pattern is relayed back to the Neocortex for a stable consolidation. This review will detail these different stages and provide a systematic overview of the major cortical streams toward the Hippocampus relevant for Episodic Memory encoding.
ISSN:0278-5846
1878-4216
DOI:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110757