The carbonaceous dust at sub-parsec scales in the nucleus of NGC 1068

• Published in: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2023-08, Vol.525 (1), p.1142-1152
• Main Authors: Gámez Rosas, Violeta, Tielens, Alexander G G M, van der Werf, Paul, Jaffe, Walter, Leftley, James H, Burtscher, Leonard, Petrov, Romain, Isbell, Jacob W, López, Bruno, Millour, Florentin, Meilland, Anthony, Matter, Alexis, Waters, Laurens B F M, Meisenheimer, Klaus
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Astrophysics; Sciences of the Universe
• ISSN: 0035-8711; 1365-2966
• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stad2233

ABSTRACT Single dish observations of NGC 1068 have shown the presence of a 3.4 μm aliphatic hydrocarbon absorption feature similar to diffuse lines of sight towards the Galactic Centre. Both, the single dish spectra and the correlated fluxes obtained by MATISSE, present a broad absorption profile in the L band as well, that vary from baseline to baseline. A new CRIRES spectrum with a slit width comparable to the MATISSE aperture also reveals a wide feature around 3.4 μm. We aim to analyse these features to learn about their origin and the distribution of the carriers across the source. We argue that all these features are caused by absorption of aliphatic hydrocarbons. The 3.4 μm absorption features in the interferometric MATISSE correlated fluxes vary in optical depth over scales of 0.2-1.4 parsec in the plane of the sky, although probably placed at a larger distance from the AGN along the line of sight. The absorption in the extended areas seems to peak in the direction of the inner jet, close to the center of the ionization cone. These results support the theory of a clumpy torus. In comparing our results to the N-band surface density previously reported, we have discovered a mass ratio of carbonaceous to silicate olivine dust at ∼2 - 3.6 per cent, which is similar to those found in several lines of sight in the diffuse interstellar medium of our Galaxy.