Genotypic and Allelic Distribution of the CD36 rs1761667 Polymorphism in High-Level Moroccan Athletes: A Pilot Study

• Published in: Genes 2024-03, Vol.15 (4), p.419
• Main Authors: El Ouali, El Mokhtar, Kartibou, Jihan, Del Coso, Juan, El Makhzen, Badreddine, Bouguenouch, Laila, El Harane, Sanae, Taib, Bouchra, Weiss, Katja, Knechtle, Beat, Mesfioui, Abdelhalem, Zouhal, Hassane
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Alleles; Athletes; Athletic Performance; Bicycling; Body fat; Cardiovascular disease; CD36 antigen; CD36 Antigens - genetics; Cholesterol; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; Endurance; Exercise; Fat metabolism; Fatty acids; Field hockey; Gene Frequency; Gene polymorphism; Genetic diversity; Genotype; Genotype & phenotype; Genotyping; Hockey; Humans; Life Sciences; Lipids; Male; Metabolism; Mitochondria; Morocco; Musculoskeletal system; Oxidation; Phenotypes; Physical fitness; Physiology; Pilot Projects; Polymerase chain reaction; Polymorphism; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Protein transport; Protein turnover; Proteins; Single-nucleotide polymorphism; Young Adult
• ISSN: 2073-4425; 2073-4425
• DOI: 10.3390/genes15040419

Previous studies have shown that variations in the gene may affect phenotypes associated with fat metabolism as the CD36 protein facilitates the transport of fatty acids to the mitochondria for oxidation. However, no previous study has tested whether variations in the gene are associated with sports performance. We investigated the genotypic and allelic distribution of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1761667 in the gene in elite Moroccan athletes (cyclists and hockey players) in comparison with healthy non-athletes of the same ethnic origin. Forty-three Moroccan elite male athletes (nineteen cyclists and twenty-four field hockey players) belonging to the national teams of their respective sports (athlete group) were compared to twenty-eight healthy, active, male university students (control group). Genotyping of the rs1761667 (G>A) SNP was performed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing. A chi-square (χ ) test was used to assess the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and to compare allele and genotype frequencies in the "athlete" and "control" groups. The genotypic distribution of the rs1761667 polymorphism was similar in elite athletes (AA: 23.81, AG: 59.52, and GG: 16.67%) and controls (AA: 19.23, AG: 69.23, and GG: 11.54%; χ = 0.67, = 0.71). However, the genotypic distribution of the rs1761667 polymorphism was different between cyclists (AA: 0.00, AG: 72.22, and GG: 27.78%) and hockey players (AA: 41.67, AG: 50.00, and GG: 8.33%; χ = 10.69, = 0.004). Specifically, the frequency of the AA genotype was significantly lower in cyclists than in hockey players ( = 0.02). In terms of allele frequency, a significant difference was found between cyclists versus field hockey players (χ = 7.72, = 0.005). Additionally, there was a predominance of the recessive model in cyclists over field hockey players (OR: 0.00, 95% CI: 0.00-0.35, = 0.002). Our study shows a significant difference between cyclists and field hockey players in terms of the genotypic and allelic frequency of the SNP rs1761667 of the gene. This divergence suggests a probable association between genetic variations in the gene and the type of sport in elite Moroccan athletes.