Genomic characterization of symbiotic mycoplasmas from the stomach of deep-sea isopod bathynomus sp

Deep‐sea isopod scavengers such as Bathynomus sp. are able to live in nutrient‐poor environments, which is likely attributable to the presence of symbiotic microbes in their stomach. In this study we recovered two draft genomes of mycoplasmas, Bg1 and Bg2, from the metagenomes of the stomach content...

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Published in:Environmental microbiology 2016-09, Vol.18 (8), p.2646-2659
Main Authors: Wang, Yong, Huang, Jiao-Mei, Wang, Shao-Lu, Gao, Zhao-Ming, Zhang, Ai-Qun, Danchin, Antoine, He, Li-Sheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino Acid Sequence
Animal genetics
Animals
Bacteria
Bacterial Adhesion - genetics
Bathynomus
Biological Transport - genetics
Biological Transport - physiology
China
Genetics
Genome, Bacterial - genetics
Genomes
Genomics
Isopoda
Isopoda - microbiology
Life Sciences
Microbiology and Parasitology
Mycoplasma
Mycoplasma - classification
Mycoplasma - genetics
Mycoplasma - isolation & purification
Phylogeny
Proteolysis
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics
Sequence Alignment
Stomach
Stomach - microbiology
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Summary:Deep‐sea isopod scavengers such as Bathynomus sp. are able to live in nutrient‐poor environments, which is likely attributable to the presence of symbiotic microbes in their stomach. In this study we recovered two draft genomes of mycoplasmas, Bg1 and Bg2, from the metagenomes of the stomach contents and stomach sac of a Bathynomus sp. sample from the South China Sea (depth of 898 m). Phylogenetic trees revealed a considerable genetic distance to other mycoplasma species for Bg1 and Bg2. Compared with terrestrial symbiotic mycoplasmas, the Bg1 and Bg2 genomes were enriched with genes encoding phosphoenolpyruvate‐dependent phosphotransferase systems (PTSs) and sodium‐driven symporters responsible for the uptake of sugars, amino acids and other carbohydrates. The genome of mycoplasma Bg1 contained sialic acid lyase and transporter genes, potentially enabling the bacteria to attach to the stomach sac and obtain organic carbons from various cell walls. Both of the mycoplasma genomes contained multiple copies of genes related to proteolysis and oligosaccharide degradation, which may help the host survive in low‐nutrient conditions. The discovery of the different types of mycoplasma bacteria in the stomach of this deep‐sea isopod affords insights into symbiotic model of deep‐sea animals and genomic plasticity of mycoplasma bacteria.
ISSN:1462-2912
1462-2920
DOI:10.1111/1462-2920.13411