Acoustic levitation as a tool for cell‐driven self‐organization of human cell spheroids during long‐term 3D culture

Acoustic levitation, which allows contactless manipulation of micro‐objects with ultrasounds, is a promising technique for spheroids formation and culture. This acoustofluidic technique favors cell–cell interactions, away from the walls of the chip, which leads to the spontaneous self‐organization o...

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Published in:Biotechnology and bioengineering 2024-04, Vol.121 (4), p.1422-1434
Main Authors: Rabiet, Lucile, Arakelian, Lousineh, Jeger‐Madiot, Nathan, García, Duván Rojas, Larghero, Jérôme, Aider, Jean‐Luc
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acoustic levitation
Acoustic properties
Acoustics
acoustofluidics
Actin
Biotechnology
Cell culture
Cell interactions
Cellular Biology
Culture
Cytoskeleton
Endothelial Cells
Engineering Sciences
Extracellular Matrix
Humans
Industrial applications
Inhibitors
Life Sciences
Mesenchymal Stem Cells
microphysiological system
self‐organization
Spheroids
Spheroids, Cellular
Stromal cells
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Summary:Acoustic levitation, which allows contactless manipulation of micro‐objects with ultrasounds, is a promising technique for spheroids formation and culture. This acoustofluidic technique favors cell–cell interactions, away from the walls of the chip, which leads to the spontaneous self‐organization of cells. Using this approach, we generated spheroids of mesenchymal stromal cells, hepatic and endothelial cells, and showed that long‐term culture of cells in acoustic levitation is feasible. We also demonstrated that this self‐organization and its dynamics depended weakly on the acoustic parameters but were strongly dependent on the levitated cell type. Moreover, spheroid organization was modified by actin cytoskeleton inhibitors or calcium‐mediated interaction inhibitors. Our results confirmed that acoustic levitation is a rising technique for fundamental research and biotechnological industrial application in the rapidly growing field of microphysiological systems. It allowed easily obtaining spheroids of specific and predictable shape and size, which could be cultivated over several days, without requiring hydrogels or extracellular matrix. Formation of spheroids in acoustic levitation depends weakly on the acoustic and strongly on cell–cell interactions. The dynamic of self‐organization is cell‐type dependent. Spheroids formed and cultivated in this manner for several days are viable. Cytoskeletal and cell–cell adhesion inhibitors can disrupt self‐organization. Created with Biorender.
ISSN:0006-3592
1097-0290
DOI:10.1002/bit.28651