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Contribution of Western Arabian Sea Tropical Cyclones to Rainfall in the Horn of Africa and Southern Arabian Peninsula
The occurrence of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the Horn of Africa and nearby areas is for the first time examined to document their contribution to local rainfall and their trends over the period 1990–2020. An average 1.5 TC (of any intensity) per year was observed over the Western Arabian Sea, with t...
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Published in: | Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres 2024-09, Vol.129 (17), p.n/a |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | The occurrence of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the Horn of Africa and nearby areas is for the first time examined to document their contribution to local rainfall and their trends over the period 1990–2020. An average 1.5 TC (of any intensity) per year was observed over the Western Arabian Sea, with two asymmetrical seasons, namely May–June (30% of cyclonic days) and September–December (70%). Case studies reveal that in many instances, TC‐related rainfall extends beyond 500 km from the TC center, and that substantial rains occur one to 2 days after the lifecycle of the TC. Despite their rarity, in the otherwise arid to semi‐arid context characteristic of the region, TCs contribute in both seasons to a very high percentage of total rainfall (up to 30%–60%) over the northwestern Arabian Sea, the Gulf of Aden and their coastlines. Over inland northern Somalia, contributions are much lower. TCs disproportionately contribute to some of the most intense daily falls, which are often higher than the mean annual rainfall. A strong increase in the number of TCs is found from 1990 to 2020, hence their enhanced contribution to local rainfall. This increase is associated with a warmer eastern/southern Arabian Sea, a decrease in vertical wind shear, and a strong increase in tropospheric moisture content.
Plain Language Summary
The role played by tropical cyclones in local rainfall in the Horn of Africa and nearby areas is for the first time examined. An average 1.5 cyclones (of any intensity) per year is observed over the Western Arabian Sea. They occur in two different seasons: May–June (30% of cyclonic days) and September–December (70%). Despite their rarity, these cyclones affect a region which displays arid to semi‐arid climates, hence they contribute to a very high percentage of total rainfall (30%–60%) over the northwestern Arabian Sea, the Gulf of Aden and their coastlines. Over inland northern Somalia, contributions are lower. Many of the most intense rainfall events are related to cyclones, with daily rainfall sometimes higher than the mean annual rainfall. There has been a strong increase in the number of cyclones from 1990 to 2020, and they contribute more to local rainfall. This increase is associated with a warmer Arabian Sea, a change in the wind flow and a higher moisture content.
Key Points
An average 1.5 tropical cyclones occur annually in the Western Arabian Sea, 70% of them in September–December, the rest in May–June
They strongly contribute (30%–60%) t |
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ISSN: | 2169-897X 2169-8996 |
DOI: | 10.1029/2024JD041109 |