Rapid whole brain 3D T 2 mapping respiratory‐resolved Double‐Echo Steady State ( DESS ) sequence with improved repeatability

• Published in: Magnetic resonance in medicine 2024-01, Vol.91 (1), p.221-236
• Main Authors: Kadalie, Emile, Trotier, Aurélien J., Corbin, Nadège, Miraux, Sylvain, Ribot, Emeline J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Life Sciences
• ISSN: 0740-3194; 1522-2594
• DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29847

Abstract Purpose To propose a quantitative 3D double‐echo steady‐state (DESS) sequence that offers rapid and repeatable T 2 mapping of the human brain using different encoding schemes that account for respiratory B 0 variation. Methods A retrospective self‐gating module was firstly implemented into the standard DESS sequence in order to suppress the respiratory artifact via data binning. A compressed‐sensing trajectory (CS‐DESS) was then optimized to accelerate the acquisition. Finally, a spiral Cartesian encoding (SPICCS‐DESS) was incorporated to further disrupt the coherent respiratory artifact. These different versions were compared to a standard DESS sequence (fully DESS) by assessing the T 2 distribution and repeatability in different brain regions of eight volunteers at 3 T. Results The respiratory artifact correction was determined to be optimal when the data was binned into seven respiratory phases. Compared to the fully DESS, T 2 distribution was improved for the CS‐DESS and SPICCS‐DESS with interquartile ranges reduced significantly by a factor ranging from 2 to 12 in the caudate, putamen, and thalamus regions. In the gray and white matter areas, average absolute test–retest T 2 differences across all volunteers were respectively 3.5 ± 2% and 3.1 ± 2.1% for the SPICCS‐DESS, 4.6 ± 4.6% and 4.9 ± 5.1% for the CS‐DESS, and 15% ± 13% and 7.3 ± 5.6% for the fully DESS. The SPICCS‐DESS sequence's acquisition time could be reduced by half (